大学英语自学教(上册) 笔记 Unit 10-3.docVIP

大学英语自学教程(上册) 笔记 Unit 10-3 The 13th lecture of College English one: A. Intensive reading Text B: 1. please look at the second paragraph on page 275. I’ll read and then I’ll translate it, especially pay attention to those phrases。 译：首先要认识问题。只有问题找对了，才能得出正确的答案。解决问题始于透彻的理解。问题的出现有各种情况。它们有时产生于偶然的观察，有时可能出自于阅读、实验或仅仅思考，也有可能来于新的发展或人类新的不同的需求。例如：今天，许多问题产生于核物理、生物工程和微电子领域的新发现。工业的发展也已经带来了大量的必须被解决的问题。 短语：⑴first of all首先；⑵only if除非；⑶grow out of=arise from产生于；⑷result from产生于；⑸bring about导致；⑹large number of大量的 2. Sometimes it will suggest areas that are in need of further study.(5段) 译：有时未回答的问题会显示需要进一步研究的领域。 注意在这句话中suggest不是“建议”而是“暗示，显示”，因此不用虚拟语气。 a.He suggested that we leave the country at once.(虚拟语气) b.His face suggested that he was angry.（非虚拟语气） 短语: in need of sth需要… 3. Should the observation or predictions turn out to be as expected, the scientist has added confidence in the probable truth of his hypothesis. (8段) 译：如果所观察到的或预测结果正如所料，科学家对他假说的可靠性就增加了信心。 通过翻译我们会发现这句话包含有一个虚拟语气，并且省略了if，进行了倒装。原句应是： If the observation or predictions should turn out to be as expected, the scientist has added confidence in the probable truth of his hypothesis.但请大家注意此时主句用了陈述语气，属于非正式用法。 短语：turn out 结果是… He turned out to be a cheat. 4. Experiments have to be made under carefully controlled conditions.（*） 译：实验必须在严格控制的条件下进行。 考点：under carefully controlled conditions. B. Important phrases: 1.first of all(2段1行); 2. only if(2段2行); 3.grow out of/arise from(2段4/8行); 4.result from(2段5行); 5.bring about(2段10行); 6.large number of(2段10行); 7.build a firm foundation(4段5行); 8.in need of sth(5段5行); 9.build up(6段1行); 10.turn out to be(8段1行); 11.give up(8段4行); 12.check with(9段1行); 13.a variety of sth(2段3行); 14.carry out(7段2行) C. Grammar knowledge: Non-finite Verbs (2) Gerund and participles：（动名词和分词） Ⅰ. Gerund: 动名词是三种非谓语动词的一种。由动词原形加ing构成。具有某些动词的特点，在句中起名词的作用，由此得名动名词。它可以有自己的宾语和状语，这是动词的特点；在句中担任主语、表语、宾语，及定语，这属于名词的特点。 a.Learning English very well is not easy