语法填空命题特点解题策略.docVIP

语法填空解题策略 语法填空题常常在语境中考查考生对语言结构和语言知识的考查，这就要求考生要针对语境做细致的分析，以语境为切入点对测试题进行思考，分析，甄别和抉择。首要技巧是懂得如何分析句子成分，然后按提示词和缺词填空甄别考查的语法点和知识点。 一、语法填空高考试题 (2008)第二节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31～40的相应位置上。 Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a short—tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help _33 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. 二、设题特点以及考查知识点 （一）提示词填空 动词的形式 谓语动词：如果动词在句中充当谓语，考查时态和语态、主谓一致或虚拟语气(*)。先判断谓语动词和主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，然后根据时间状语和上下文谓语动词的提示进行判断时态（注意：熟记v+“-s”、v+“-ing”、v+“-ed”的规则）。时态和语态表如下： 时态 主动语态形式 被动语态形式 一般过去时 was/were; did was/were done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 过去完成时 had done had been done 过去将来时 would do would be done 一般现在时 is/am/are; do/does is/am/are done 现在进行时 is/am/are doing is/am/are being done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing ------ 一般将来时 will do will be done 非谓语动词：如果动词在句子中不是充当谓语，考查非谓语动词。先判断动词在句中充当什么成分，再选择形式，参考下表： 主语 宾语 表语 宾补 前置定语 后置定语 状语 不定式 （to do） 表示具体一次动作（多用于真实主语） 熟记可跟不定式的动词 说明主语的具体内容，表意向、打算、计划 由动词决定 表将来发生的动作或表用途 表目的、结果、原因 动名词 （doing） 表示习惯性动作(多放在句首) 熟记可跟动名词的动词 说明主语的具体内容