MLA引文及文规范.docVIP

聊城大学外国语学院硕士学位论文编排格式及MLA引文、文献规范 1、字体统一用Times New RomanMLA引文及文献规范 参考文献引用的规范应该按专业方向的不同选择使用MLA（the Modern Language Association）或者APA（the American Psychological Association），一般偏重人文学科的应用MLA，偏重自然学科的应用APA。学位申请人应认真阅读相应的规范使用手册。3.1 正文中的引证 学位论文引用别人的观点、方法、言论必须注明出处，注明出处时应该使用括号夹注的方法，一般不使用脚注或者尾注。 3.1.1 引用整篇文献的观点 引用整篇文献（即全书或全文）观点时有两种情况，一种是作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现，如： MLA： Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor). 另一种情况是作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，按MLA的规范不需要使用括号夹注，如： MLA： Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing.在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏，不得使用汉字，如： MLA： (Zhu 12)3.1.2 引用文献中具体观点或文字 引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码，没有页码是文献引用不规范的表现。例如： MLA： Ancient writers attributed the invention of the monochord to Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century BC (Marcuse 197). Monasteries in medieval Europe were not short of speculations about Greek inventions (Marcuse 190-203). 假若作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，则不需要在括号夹注中重复，如： MLA： Ancient writers, according to Marcuse, attributed the invention of the monochord to Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century BC (197).3.1.3 引用多位作者写作的同一文献 MLA（二至三位作者）： Among intentional spoonerisms, the “punlike metathesis of distinctive features may serve to weld together words etymologically unrelated but close in their sound and meaning” (Jakobson and Waugh 304). （如果有三位作者，在括号夹注中应用逗号分隔他们的姓氏，如：(Alton, Davies, and Rice 56)。） MLA（三位以上的作者）： The study was extended for two years, and only after results were reviewed by an independent panel did the researchers publish their findings (Blaine et al. 35).3.1.4 引用同样姓氏的不同作者 假若两个或两个以上的作者有同样的姓氏，则括号夹注中应同时使用他们名字的首字母，如： MLA： Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46). 引用中文著作或期刊时同姓作者的情况较多，应