《计算机科学》课后练习(翻译)答辩.doc

Chapter 1 练习 复习题Turing proposed that all kinds of computation could be performed by a special kind of a machine. He based the model on the actions that people perform when involved in computation. He abstracted these actions into a model for a computational machine that has really changed the world. 图灵模型假设各种各样的运算都能够通过一种特殊的机器来完成，图灵机的模型是基于各种运算过程的。图灵模型把运算的过程从计算机器中分离开来，这确实改变了整个世界。 2.定义一个基于冯·诺伊曼模型的计算机。 答：The von Neumann Model defines the components of a computer, which are memory, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit and the input/output subsystems. 冯·诺伊曼模型定义了计算机的组成，它包括存储器、算术逻辑单元、控制单元和输入/输出系统。 3.在基于图灵模型的计算机中，程序的作用是什么？ 答：Based on the Turing model a program is a set of instruction that tells the computer what to do. 基于图灵模型的计算机中程序是一系列的指令，这些指令告诉计算机怎样进行运算。 4.在基于冯·诺伊曼模型的计算机中，程序的作用是什么？ 答：The von Neumann model states that the program must be stored in the memory. The memory of modern computers hosts both programs and their corresponding data. 冯·诺伊曼模型的计算机中，程序必须被保存在存储器中，存储程序模型的计算机包括了程序以及程序处理的数据。 5.计算机中有哪些子系统？ 答：The subsystems of the von Neumann model are memory, the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), the control unit, and the input/output. 冯·诺伊曼模型的计算机中子系统包括存储器、算术逻辑单元、控制单元和输入/输出单元。 6.计算机中存储器子系统的功能是什么？ 答：Memory is the storage area used for programs and data. 存储器的功能是用来保存程序和数据的。 7.计算机中ALU子系统的功能是什么？ 答：The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) is where calculations and logical operations take place. 计算机中ALU子系统的功能是进行算术和逻辑运算的地方。 8.计算机中控制单元子系统的功能是什么？ 答：The control unit controls the operations of the memory, ALU, and the input/output subsystem. 计算机中控制单元子系统的功能是控制存储器、算术逻辑单元和输入/输出的运行。 9.计算机中输入/输出子系统的功能是什么？ 答：The input subsystem accepts input data and the program from outside the computer; the output subsystem sends the result of the processing to the outside. 计算机中输入子系统的功能是接收计算机外部输出的程序和数据；输出子系统是发送处理结果到计算机外部。 10.简述5个时代的计算机？ 答：The first generation (roughly 1950–1959) is characterized by the emergence of commercial computers and were used only by professionals. The second-generation (roughly 1959–196