滑菇生理特性与栽培基质之探讨.docVIP

滑菇生理特性與栽培基質之探討 Studies on physiological characteristics and cultural substrates of Pholiota nameko T. Ito S. Ito S. Imai 研究生：張喻絜 Chang, Yu-Chieh 指導教授：梁文進 Liang, Wen-Jinn 【摘要】 滑菇 Pholiota nameko T. Ito S. Ito Imai 又名珍珠菇、珍珠蘑、滑子蘑、黃金滑菇等，屬於真菌界，層菌綱 Hymenomycetes 、傘菌目 Agaricales 、球蓋菇科 Strophariaceae 、鱗傘屬 Pholiota 的一種美味珍稀食用菇。本研究主要探討滑菇基礎生理特性、不同栽培質及營養物添加對滑菇菌絲生長及產菇之，提昇滑菇栽培技術。利用顯微鏡觀察雙層載玻片培養之菌絲形態扣子體構造分子孢子楕圓形或長楕圓形，利用核醣體DNA比對鑑定供試菌株Pn-Qyo與BCRC 36054菌株之基因序列，相同度達98% 以上。生理特性，滑菇菌絲生長適溫度及酸鹼值分別為24℃及pH5-6；酵母麥芽瓊脂 yeast malt agar; YM 為菌絲生長最佳之培養基；以查氏為基礎培養基，獲得以乳糖及澱粉為菌絲生長最佳之碳素源；左旋麩醯胺酸 L-glutamine 為菌絲生長最佳之氮素源。於篩選菌種材料試驗木屑為滑菇最理想之菌種材料。不同培養配方基質對滑菇菌絲生長之試驗，滑菇於鋸木屑90%、米糠5%、玉米粉5%的培養基，其菌絲生長速度為最快；於添加營養物試驗，以添加5%10%玉米粉於含5%米糠木屑基質，其菌絲生長速度米糠添加對滑菇菌絲生長，以添加米糠之含5%玉粉木屑基質，菌絲生長速度為最快，其次為5％，但20％菌絲較為。滑菇於堆肥上的生長速度最為快速生長最慢的為廢。玉米粉添加對滑菇產量的影響，以添加20%玉米其生物轉換率為最高，達38.6%，子實體所需時間最短為22.8天℃完成後，直接18℃培養，滑菇生物轉換率為69.5%顯示可直接於18℃培養。關鍵字：滑菇、生理特性、栽培基質配方、栽培【Abstract】In order to promote culture techniques for increasing the “nameko” mushroom production, the physiological and culture characteristics, and fruit-body formation of Pholiota nameko were studied in experiments. The clamp connection structure and condia of Pholiota nameko Pn-Qyo isolate could be observed on slide culture. The Pn-Qyo isolate used in experiments was identified as species of Pholiota nameko by comparison of the sequence of ribosomal DNA. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was 24℃ and the optimum initial pH of medium was 5.0-6.0. Yeast malt agar medium was suitable for mycelia growth of P. nameko. Lactose and starch as carbon source, L-glutamine as nitrogen source were better for mycelial growth tested in Czapek agar medium. Illumination was not essential for mycelia growth and hard wood sawdust was better to mycelia growth and as spawn material comparing with pine sawdust. In nutrient supplementation experiments, 5% and 10% corn meal added to sawdust containing 5% rice bran are better for mycelial growth than of 20% corn meal supplementation, where as in