(海洋工程课件资料）OFFSHORE_ENGIEERING_Monday.ppt

Offshore Engineering OFFSHORE ENGIEERING Introduction Offshore Structures Offshore Supporting Vessels Offshore Installations Description Fixed Steel Structures - Installation OFFSHORE ENGIEERING- Introduction Drilling in the early days took place near beaches, inland lakes and swamplands. In 1869, T.F. Rowland installed a four legged tower structure resembling modern offshore rigs in very shallow water. In the early 1900’s, drilling was also carried out on piers that extended from the beach along the coastline of California. The early structures were mainly made of timber. By the 1930’s, more and more ‘over-water’ drilling activity took place in marsh and swamplands of South Louisiana.  OFFSHORE ENGIEERING- Introduction The first steel platform in open water, completely out of sight of land, was installed in 1947 after World War II in the Gulf of Mexico. The platform was installed off the coast of Louisiana in 6 m of water. This was followed closely by another installation in 15 m of water. Oil activities in the Persian Gulf and North Sea saw the rapid development of offshore structures in the 1970’s, and the advances into deeper water depth of the oceans. Development of offshore platforms with increasing water depth OFFSHORE ENGIEERING- Offshore Structures The structure shown opposite is instantly recognizable as an offshore rig. This type of structure, more correctly described as a fixed steel offshore installation or platform forms the backbone of the offshore industry and there are in excess of 7,000 such structures dotted about the oceans of the world. OFFSHORE ENGIEERING- Offshore Structures Fixed steel structures Concrete gravity base structure Tension leg platform Semi-submersible vessel Floating production systems Self-elevating jack-up Single point mooring Spar Platform OFFSHORE ENGIEERING- Offshore Structures  – 1. Fixed steel structures The traditional offshore installation shown utilizes a