机械【经典外文翻译】--液压机hydraulic machine--毕业论文设计.doc

Hydraulic Machine From: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ?? Date: 2008 Hydraulic machine that derives its power from the motion or pressure of water or some other liquid. Hydraulic equipment and technology is something that we are all at least passingly familiar with. If we think about it, we know that the principles of hydraulics are applied to make many common machines work. For example hydraulics are used in agricultural equipment, giant earth moving and mining machines, they are used to steer and stabilize giant ocean liners, help airplanes climb and turn, and make the brakes in our cars work. So hydraulics can provide great force, are obviously very adaptable and used in all kinds of applications, but how do they actually work? What is this hydraulics stuff? Hydraulics is based on a very simple fact of nature - you cannot compress a liquid. You can compress a gas (think about putting more and more air into a tire, the more you put in, the higher the pressure). If youre really strong you can compress a solid mass as well. But no matter how much pressure you apply onto a liquid, it isnt possible to compress it. Now if you put that liquid into a sealed system and push on it at one end, that pressure is transmitted through the liquid to the other end of the system. The pressure is not diminished. . Hydraulics is Old Stuff The basic concept of hydraulics is not new. The Greeks understood about using water to provide lift and force, and the name hydraulics come form the Latin word for water - HYDRA. In the middle Ages, Leonardo da Vinci formulated the basic principle of hydraulics called continuity and Galileo experimented with hydraulics. Hydraulics were even used during the construction of the Eiffel Tower in Paris in the late 1880s. Hydraulic jacks were used to level the tower and align the metal girders to an accuracy of 1 millimeter。Today most hydraulic systems utilize oil rather than water but the principle is the same. You can compress a liquid, and