《煤炭科学技术》排版要求及示范.docVIP

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  • 2018-03-30 发布于江苏
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煤矿冲击地压应力控制理论与实践 摘 要:基于冲击地压理论研究和现场实践,提出以应力控制为中心,以单位应力梯度为表征的冲击地压应力控制理论,并采用相似模拟和数值模拟分析了原岩应力、构造应力、采动应力对冲击地压发生诱发机制,从应力控制的角度对冲击地压防治进行现场实践。研究结果表明:断层的构造应力是导致冲击地压发生的主要原因;受邻近采区残余应力的影响,采动应力也会诱发掘进巷道发生冲击地压。超前深孔顶板预裂爆破和开切眼贯通动态应力控制技术应用于防冲实践中,验证了应力控制理论的有效性。 关键词:冲击地压;应力控制理论;单位应力梯度;相似模拟 Theory and practices on stress control of mine pressure bumping Abstract: Based on the study and site practices on the mine pressure bumping theory,with the stress control as the center and the unit stress gradient as the mine pressure bumping stress control and prevention theory was put forward,the similar simulation and the numerical simulation were applied to analyze the in-situ rock stress,structure stress and mining stress to the induced mechanism of the mine pressure bumping occurred.From the view of the stress control,site practices were conducted on the mine pressure bumping prevention and control.The study results showed that the structure stress of the fault would be the major causes to make the mine pressure bumping occurred.Affected by the residual stress from the neighbor mining blocks,the mining stress of the coal also would cause mine pressure bumping in the mine roadway.In the mine pressure bumping prevention practices with the advance roof pre-fracturing blasting with deep borehole and the dynamic stress control when the open-off cut was cut-through,the effectiveness of the stress control theory was proved. Key words:mine pressure bumping;stress control theory;unit stress gradient;similar simulation 0引 言 目前我国部分煤矿进入深部开采范围,煤矿冲击地压发生频率、强度及区域都在逐年增加,造成的人员伤亡与经济损失也日益严重。针对冲击地压预测和防治技术的基础,多年来各国学者从不同的角度对冲击地压理论进行了研究,其中最具代表性的理论有强度理论、能量理论、冲击倾向性理论和“三准则”理论[1-3]。随着现代数学理论的发展,非线性理论和分形理论也被应用到冲击地压机理的分析。有学者在总结试验结果和冲击现场特征的基础上,认为冲击地压发生的过程是煤岩地层受力的瞬间粘滑过程,并提出了“三因素”理论[4-6]。总的来说,我国冲击地压机理等相关理论的研究才刚起步[7-12],解决实际问题还需要做大量的工作。因此,对于冲击地压发生机理仍需开展深入的研究工作。基于多年冲击地压理论研究和现场实践工作,笔者提出冲击地压应力控制理论,并采用相似模型试验和数值模拟研究,分析了原岩应力、构造应力、采动应力对冲击地压的诱发机制,尝试从应力控制的角度对冲击地压进行监测预报和有效防治,为冲击地压的理论研究、监测预报和防治解危提供新的方向。 1冲击地压应力控制理论 。 煤岩体的应力包括原岩应力和采动应

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