Unit_4_Grammatical_Markers.pptVIP

Unit 4 Grammatical Markers in English Sentences Plurality marker Difficult Grammatical Knowledge cattle, people, police 是无标记复数名词，即没有标记但用作复数的名词，因此其谓语动词总要用复数。 Cattle are selling for very high prices this year. 今年牛的卖价很高。 The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard. 警察正在搜查一个有络腮胡子的肤色黝黑的男人。 people 应分三种情况来讨论。 A 当people 指“人”，或者泛指“人们”，或者指定场合的人以及家里人时，它是个无标记的复数名词（unmarked plural nouns）。 1. There are ten people present. 有10个人出席。 2. All my people are in India. 我家里人都在印度。 3. By the laws of probability there are certainly people in the world who are physically and mentally right for you, just as there are stars in the universe similar to us.根据概率法则，世界上一定有在身体上何精神上都适合你的人，这与宇宙中有和我们这颗星球相似的星星是一个道理。 B people作“民族”解时，其复数形式为peoples。 1. The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。 2. Ireland was inhabited by two peoples.爱尔兰居住着两个民族。 3. A people is all the men, women, and children of a particular country or race.一个民族是指一个国家或种族的所有的男人、女人和儿童。 C the people是指一个国家的人民或全世界的人民或者与统治阶级相对的“人民”，它在形式上仍是单数，但是它的谓语动词，根据概念一致原则，要使用复数。 The people are brave enough to fight against the French nobles. youth /youths the youth是个复数形式，指的是青年男女的整体，不能与数量词连用。当指个体时，就需要使用可数名词youth----youths,例如， a youth(一个青年人)，five youths(五个青年人)。 The new TV program is aimed at youth. 新电视节目是面向青年人的。 The youth of today are very fond of dancing. 现在的年轻人很喜欢跳舞。 Some youths were standing near the bus stop.一些年轻人正站在公共汽车站旁边。 物质名词（material nouns）属不可数名词（uncountable nouns），因此一般总是用作单数：food, paper, water, steel, tea, coffee, fruit.但是，当需要强调不同的种类时，有些物质名词就需要采用其复数形式：foods, wines, teas, steels, coffees, fruits。 Too many sweet foods, like cakes and pastry, may increase your weight. Greece has some wonderful fruits. 希腊有一些非常好吃的水果。 We stocked a wide range of inexpensive wines. 我们储存了各种各样廉价的酒。 以-s结尾的单数名词 a. draughts (BrE) checkers (AmE) 西洋跳棋 和其它一些以-s结尾的游戏名称。 Draughts is an easier game than chess. 西洋跳棋比象棋容易玩。 b. measles(麻疹)，rabies（狂犬病）和其它以-s结尾的疾病名称。 Rabies is widespread in Europe. We hope we can keep it out of Britian. 狂犬病在欧洲蔓延。我们希望能够不让它进入不列颠。 athlet