医学英语-Urnary System.pptVIP

Outline Organs of urinary system 2 Kidneys 2 Ureters 1 Urinary bladder 1 Urethra Urine formation Functions of urinary system Pathological conditions of the urinary system Laboratory tests and clinical procedures Objectives Name the organs of the urinary system and describe their locations and functions. Label a diagram of the kidney. Label a diagram of the urinary tract and follow the flow of urine through the body. Describe the structure of a nephron, and outline the processes involved in the formation of urine. Introduction The urinary system removes waste products from the blood and maintains homeostasis. Components of urinary system kidneys – organs that produce urine Urinary tract – organs that eliminate urine 2 ureters 1 urinary bladder 1 urethra Introduction (cont.) Nephrology: medical specialty that studies and treats diseases of the kidneys. Urology: surgical specialty that studies and treats diseases of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. Urologist: physician who specializes in this field. External Anatomy of Kidneys Bean shaped, reddish-brown organs Weighs about 160 g each About size of a bar of soap (12x6x3 cm) Located behind peritoneum Retroperitoneal Lateral to vertebral column, under floating ribs Level of T12 to L3 vertebrae External Anatomy of Kidneys Protected by 3 connective tissue layers Fibrous capsule A layer of collagen fibers Covers outer surface of entire organ Adipose capsule A thick layer of adipose tissue Surrounds renal capsule Renal fascia A dense, fibrous outer layer Anchors kidney to posterior wall and peritoneum External Anatomy of Kidneys Concave area on edge of center called hilum Renal artery enters Renal vein leaves Ureter leaves Internal Structure of Kidneys Cortex Outer portion Medulla Inner portion Pyramids Triangular shaped structures in medulla Papilla Tip of each renal pyramid Renal Columns Bands of cortical tissue extend into medulla between renal pyramids Internal Structures of Kidneys