Creole 克里奥尔语.pptxVIP

Creole contents01 History of Creole02Classifications of CreoleFeatures of Creole03Part 01History of Creole1Origin2Geographic Distribution3Social and Political StatusOrigin The English term creole comes from French créole, which is cognate with the Spanish term criollo and Portuguesecrioulo, all descending from the verb criar (to breed or to raise), all coming from Latin creare (to produce, create). The specific sense of the term was coined in the 16th and 17th century, during the great expansion in European maritime power and trade that led to the establishment of European colonies in other continents.Origin The terms criollo and crioulo were originally qualifiers used throughout the Spanish and Portuguese colonies to distinguish the members of an ethnic group who were born and raised locally from those who immigrated as adults. They were most commonly applied to nationals of the colonial power, e.g. to distinguish espa?oles criollos (people born in the colonies from Spanish ancestors) from espa?oles peninsulares (those born in the Iberian Peninsula, i.e. Spain). OriginHowever, in Brazil the term was also used to distinguish between negros crioulos (blacks born in Brazil from African slave ancestors) and negros africanos (born in Africa). Over time, the term and its derivatives (Creole, Kréol, Kreyol, Kreyòl, Kriol, Krio, etc.) lost the generic meaning and became the proper name of many distinct ethnic groups that developed locally from immigrant communities. Originally, therefore, the term creole language meant the speech of any of those creole peoples.Theories on The Origin of CreoleTheories focusing on European inputATheories focusing on non-European inputBGradualist and developmental hypothesesCUniversalist approachesDTheories focusing on European inputMonogenetic theory of pidgins and creolesADomestic origin hypothesisBEuropean dialect origin hypothesisCForeigner talk and baby talkDImperfect L2 learningETheories focusing on non-European input Theories focusi