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8.1 y[n]=y[n-1]-y[n-2]+x[n] y[0]=y[-1]-y[-2]+x[0]=1 y[1]= y[2]=1 y[3]=0 y[4]=-1 The general formula is y[n]=(+( for n=0 y[n]=+ We use n=2 and n=4 y[2]=1=j-j y[4]=-1=-- Solve the simultaneous equations: y[n]=cos(n-)=cos((n-1)) 8.4 Y[z]=Y(z)+Y(z)-X(z)+3X(z)-2X(z) H(z)=== Pole at z=-0.379 z=2 H(z)=-=- Zeros: =3.562,-0.562 Poles:0.25+-j0.52=o.5774 Angle is +-64.34 8.6 (a) H(z)== Zero z=0 pole z=- (b) n x[n] y[n] 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 1 3/4 3 0 -3/8 4 0 3/16 5 0 -3/32 6 0 3/64 7 0 -3/128 8 0 3/256 Y[n]=0,n0 1,n=0 1/2,n=1 3/,n=0 8.7 H(z)== Pole at z=0.8 zero at: z=-1.25 H()=H(z)|= |H()|=H()H() =- =1 8.12 = =1.2346[n]+1.311(0.9)cos(+0.557)u[n] = 8.13 P1:S P2:S1 p3:S P4:S6 P5:S5 P6:S3 8.14 S1 (B)S3 (C)S6 (D)S2 (E)S2 (F)S4 8.16 P1:(D) P2:(B) P3:(A) P4:(E) 8.17 P1:(N) P2:(M) P3:(J) P4:(L) E2.4.3 k=1:51; w1=0.8*pi;w2=0.1*pi; A=1.5;B=2.0; x1=A*cos(w1*(k-1));x2=B*cos(w2*(k-1)); x=x1+x2; b1=0.0662272*[1 1]; a1=[1 -0.2593284]; y1=filter(b1,a1,x,0); si=[0 0]; b2=[1 2 1]; a2=[1 -0.6762858 0.3917468]; y2=filter(b2,a2,si); stem(k-1,y2);axis([0 50 -4 4]); xlabel(Time index n);ylabel(Amplitude); 将上面程序存盘为E243.m 然后在命令窗口中键入E243.m 得到如下图结果： E2.5.3 function y=alpas(x,R,a) num=[a,zeros(1,R-1),1]; den=fliplr(num); y=filter(num,den,x); 将上面的脚本文件存盘为alpas.m 在命令窗中输入： [x,fs,nbis]=wavread(F:\Endless.wav); R=8000; a=0.5; wavplay(x,fs); %听原来的音频文件的声音 y=alpas(x,R,a); wavplay(y,fs); %听原音频文件经过全通混响器后的声音 结论是：音频通过全通混响器后，元音频文件中多了些成分，其效果是听起来像是有回音一样. E2.5.4Schroeder 混响器 function y=multiecho(x,R,a,N) if(N==0) num=[zeros(1,R),1]; den=[1,zeros(1,N*R-1),-a]; else num=[1,zeros(1,N*R-1),-a^N]; den=[1,zeros(1,R-1),-a]; end y=filter(num,den,x); 将上面的脚本文件存盘为:multiecho.m function y=reverb(x,R