工作台振动测量仪设计试题.doc

摘要 振动测试仪是一种能测量机械、物体等振动的测量仪器。比如测振仪、动平衡仪、振动测试与模态分析仪都算是振动测试仪。振动是自然界、工程技术和日常生活中普遍存在的物理现象。各种机器、仪器和设备运行时，不可避免地存在着诸如回转件的不平衡、负载的不均匀、结构刚度的各向异性、润滑状况的不良及间隙等原因而引起受力的变动、碰撞和冲击，以及由于使用、运输和外界环境下能量传递、存储和释放都会诱发或激励机械振动。所以说，任何一台运行着的机器、仪器和设备都存在着振动现象。在大多数情况下，机械振动是有害的。振动往往会破坏机器的正常工作和原有性能，振动的动载荷使机器加速失效、缩短使用寿命甚至导致损坏造成事故。机械振动还直接或间接地产生噪声，恶化环境和劳动条件，危害人类的健康。因此，要采取适当的措施使机器振动在限定范围之内，以避免危害人类和其他结构。 关键词：振动测量仪、动载荷、机械振动 Abstract Vibration test instrument is a method which can measure the mechanical and object vibration measuring instrument. Such as Ce Zhenyi, dynamic balance, vibration testing and modal analysis is a vibration tester. Vibration is a common physical phenomenon exist in nature, engineering technology and in daily life. Operation of the machine, instrument and equipment of various, inevitably exist such as rotating parts unbalance, the load is uniform and the structure stiffness anisotropy, the lubrication condition bad and the gap caused by the reasons such as the stress changes, collision and impact, and due to the use of energy transport, transport and transfer, external environment storage and release will induce or incentive of mechanical vibration. So, machinery, instruments and equipment on any computer running there are vibration phenomenon. In most cases, the mechanical vibration is harmful. Vibration often destroy the machine normal work and the original performance, the dynamic load of the machine vibration accelerated failure, shorten the service life and even lead to the damage caused by the accident. Mechanical vibration is also directly or indirectly generate noise, deterioration of the environment and working conditions, harm to human health. Therefore, to take appropriate measures to make the vibration of the machine in a limited range, in order to avoid harm to human and other structures. Key words: Vibration test、the dynamic load 、Mechanical vibration ?1.2 压电材料的分类及特性 2 1.2.1 压电陶瓷? 3 1.3 压电陶瓷传感器的等效电路 4 第2章?电荷放大电路 7 2.1 电荷放大电路 7 2.2?测量电路 8 第3章?振