曼昆微观经济学总复习概念.ppt

微观经济学 总复习 第一章 经济学十大原理 稀缺性: 社会资源的有限性 经济学: 研究社会如何管理自己的稀缺资源, 比如：企业决定生产多少，雇佣多少工人。 需求曲线的移动：买者的数量 主动学习 3 供给与需求的移动 主动学习 3 A. CD价格下降 主动学习 3 B. 特许使用费的下降 主动学习 3 C. CD价格下降且特许使用费也下降 主动学习 3 弹性与均衡的改变 主动学习 3 参考答案 主动学习 3 参考答案 * Suggestion: For each of these examples, display the slide title (which lists the two goods) and the first two lines of text (which ask which good experiences the biggest drop in demand in response to a 20% price increase). Give your students a quiet minute to formulate their answers. Then, ask for volunteers. * If Q doesn’t change, then the percentage change in Q equals zero, and thus elasticity equals zero. It is hard to think of a good for which the price elasticity of demand is literally zero. Take insulin, for example. A sufficiently large price increase would probably reduce demand for insulin a little, particularly among people with very low incomes and no health insurance. However, if elasticity is very close to zero, then the demand curve is almost vertical. In such cases, the convenience of modeling demand as perfectly inelastic probably outweighs the cost of being slightly inaccurate. * An example: Student demand for textbooks that their professors have required for their courses. Here, it’s a little more clear that elasticity would be small, but not zero. At a high enough price, some students will not buy their books, but instead will share with a friend, or try to find them in the library, or just take copious notes in class. Another example: Gasoline in the short run. * This is the intermediate case: the demand curve is neither relatively steep nor relatively flat. Buyers are neither relatively price-sensitive nor relatively insensitive to price. (This is also the case where price changes have no effect on revenue.) * A good example here would be breakfast cereal, or nearly anything with readily available substitutes. An elastic demand curve is flatter than a unit elastic