语言学导论-第2章Phonetics.pptVIP

Sound Structure: Phonetics Phonic medium 语音媒介 Vehicles for communication: speech writing phonic medium (the limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human communication) [k] [p] [s] (Speech sounds 语音) What is phonetics 语音学 Phonetics: The study of speech sounds. Articulatory(发音的)phonetics: how speech sounds are made. Acoustic(声学的)phonetics: physical properties of speech. Auditory(听觉的)phonetics: perception of speech sounds. The Vocal Tract 声道 The vocal tract employs anatomical(解剖的) structures that have other functions: Lungs: exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide speech: supply airstream Vocal cords: prevent food from entering lungs speech: produce vibrations in resonating cavity Tongue: manipulate food in mouth speech: articulate sounds Teeth: break up food speech: passive articulator (stationary), etc. Lips: seal oral cavity speech: articulate sounds Organs of speech 发音器官 Three cavities： The pharyngeal cavity(咽腔): the throat The oral cavity(口腔): the mouth The nasal cavity(鼻腔): the nose The pharyngeal cavity 咽腔 The oral cavity 口腔 The nasal cavity 鼻腔 Voicing 浊化 When the vocal cords are vibrating to create a sounds with a pitch, a voiced speech sound is produced: If you hold your hand to your throat, you can feel vibration for the voiced sounds s z f v p b k g Unvoiced Voiced as well as for nasals like [m], [n], and vowels like [a] The IPA 国际音标 For full details on the IPA you can visit the webpage of the English speech sounds Consonants 辅音 Vowels 元音 Difference: In producing a vowel the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no obstruction whatsoever. Consonants 辅音 In terms of manner of articulation 发音方式 In terms of place of articulation 发音部位 Articulation of English speeches /~acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html /phonetics/ Place o