10Chapter32timedilationandlengthcontraction教程.pptVIP

地面 S 系观测 ? 介子运动距离 完全能够到达地面。 由 地面 S 系观测 ? 介子寿命 Example 32-1 page 741 Example 32-2 page 742 Read and discuss two interesting speculation on page 742 Space travel Twin paradox * Chapter32 Relativity--time dilation and length contraction * Two Postulates（狭义相对论的两个基本假设） The relativity of simultaneity （同时性的相对性） The relativity of time （时间间隔的相对性） The relativity of length（长度收缩） The Lorentz Transformation （洛仑兹变换式） A new look at momentum， energy（相对论质量、动量、 能量） Chapter 32 Special relativity（狭义相对论） What is relativity all about? ?Newtons laws of motion give us a complete description of the behavior moving objects at low speeds. ?Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity describes the motion of particles moving at close to the speed of light. Special means that the theory deals only with inertial reference frames。 Space and time are entangled（牵连）. 相对论是关于物质运动与时间空间关系的理论。局限于惯性参考系的时空理论称为狭义相对论。 Because most of us have little experience with objects moving at speeds near the speed of light, Einstein‘s predictions may seem strange. However, many years of high energy physics experiments have thoroughly tested Einstein’s theory and shown that it fits all results to date. In fact, Einstein gives the correct laws of motion for any particle. This doesn‘t mean Newton was wrong, his equations are contained within the relativistic（相对论的） equations. For particles moving at slow speeds (very much less than the speed of light), the differences between Einstein’s laws of motion and those derived（导出） by Newton are tiny（微小的）. Key words The theory of relativity and quantum theory (相对论和量子理论) Classical Physics and Modern Physics (经典物理和现代物理) Inertial reference frames（惯性参考系） Event（事件） Postulate（假设） Simultaneity（同时性） Time dilation（时间延缓） Length contraction（长度收缩） 32-8 Galilean Transformation 伽利略变换 (P746) 对于任何惯性参照系 , 牛顿力学的规律都具有 相同的形式 . 这就是经典力学的相对性原理 . Examine in detail the mathematics of relating quantities in one inertial reference frame to the equivalent quantities in a