07Chap1011-Rigidbody教程.pptVIP

O R O 所以 转动惯量的大小取决于刚体的质量、形状及转轴的位置 . 注意 How about the moment of inertia of a cylinder? P249 example 10-10 hollow cylinder The parallel-axis and perpendicular axis theorems (250) 一些均匀刚体的转动惯量(p246) 薄圆盘转轴通过中心与盘面垂直 r2 r1 圆筒转轴沿几何轴 l r 圆柱体转轴沿几何轴 l r 圆柱体转轴通过中心与几何轴垂直 l 细棒转轴通过中心与棒垂直 l 细棒转轴通过端点与棒垂直 2r 球体转轴沿直径 2r 球壳转轴沿直径 4 Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics (P247) Step to solve problem with N-II Law for Rotation Page 246: As always, draw a clear and complete diagram. Draw a free-body diagram. Identify the axis of rotation and calculate the torques about it. Apply Newton’s second law for rotation and for translation. Solve the resulting equations. 例：质量为m1和m2两个物体，跨在定滑轮上 m2 放在光滑的桌面上，滑轮半径为 R，质量为 M，求：m1 下落的加速度，和绳子的张力 T1、T2。 T1 T2 解：受力分析 以 为研究对象 （1） 以 为研究对象 （2） 以 为研究对象 （3） 补充方程： （4） 联立方程（1）（4）求解得 讨论：当 M=0时 例：质量为 m、长为 l 的细杆一端固定在地面的轴上可自由转动，问当细杆摆至与水平面 60o 角和水平位置时的角加速度为多大。 解：由转动定律 Similar Example 10-9: Page 248 Fig. Shows a uniform disk, with mass M=2.5kg and radius R=20cm, mounted（安放） on a fixed horizontal axle. A block with mass m=1.2kg hangs from a mass-less cord that is wrapped（缠绕） around the rim of the disk. Axis O R m M Find the acceleration of the falling block, the angular acceleration of the disk, and the tension in the cord. The cord does not slip and there is no friction at the axle. (I=MR2/2) Axis O R m M α T · R mg T = - T ′ m a M For M: ? = TR = I ? (1) For m: mg – T = ma (2) a = R? (3) From above equations, we find the answer: a=4.8 m/s2 ??=24 rad/s2 T=6.0 N Solution: mg T = - T ′ m a α T · R M In fig., two blocks with mass m1 and m2 (m1m2), two pulleys (with radius of RA and RB, mass of mA and mB) are mounted in horizontal frictionless bearings, assuming that the pulley is a disk, the cord is not slipping . Please find the blocks’ acceleration. m1 m2 mA mB RA RB m1 m2 mA mB RA RB Solution: Draw free-diagram: m2 m2g T2 m1 m1g T1 T1-m1g=m1a (1) m2g-T2=m2a