010_istruction set charactersitics and functions.pptVIP

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture6th Edition Chapter 10 Instruction Sets: 指令集(系统) characteristics and Functions 特点和功能 §10.1 Machine instruction characteristics 机器指令的特点 1.What is an instruction set? 什么是指令系统 The complete collection of instructions that are understood by a CPU 能够被CPU所理解的所有指令的集合。 Machine Code 机器码 Binary 二进制 Usually represented by assembly codes 通常由汇编编码来表示 2.Elements(成分) of an Instruction一条指令的要素 Operation code (Op code) 操作码 Do this 做什么 Source Operand reference 源操作数的信息 To this 在这里 Result Operand reference目标操作数的信息 Put the answer here 将答案放在这里 Next Instruction Reference下一条指令的信息 When you have done that, do this... 当做完之后，做这个。。。 Where have all the Operands gone?操作数从哪儿来？ Long time passing…. (If you don’t understand, you’re too young!) Main memory (or virtual memory or cache) 主存（虚拟存储器或者高速缓存） CPU register CPU内部的寄存器 I/O device I/O设备 3.Instruction Representation In machine code each instruction has a unique bit pattern 在机器码的表示中，每条指令都有唯一的一个（二进制）位的表示形式 For human consumption (well, programmers anyway) a symbolic representation is used ，对人来说（就说编程人员吧）符号表示法（是很常用的） e.g. ADD, SUB, LOAD Operands can also be represented in this way ADD A,B 操作数也可以通过这种方式来表示 (A and B are symbolic address) 4. Simple Instruction Format简单指令格式 (1) Instruction Types — opcode指令的类型 Data processing 数据处理 —Arithmetic and logic instructions 算术和逻辑指令 Data storage (main memory) 数据存储 —Memory instructions 涉及到存储器的指令 Data movement (I/O) 数据传送 —I/O instructions I/O指令 Program flow control 指令流控制 —Test and branch instructions —测试和分支转移类指令 (2) Number of Addresses (a) 地址码的个数 4 addresses: 4地址 Operand1, Operand2, Result, Address(next instruction) 操作数1，操作数2，结果，地址（下条指令） Be extremely rare, because of PC. 极少见 3 addresses 三地址 Operand 1, Operand 2, Result 操作数1，操作数2，结果 (A) ? (B) + (C) ;(A,B and C are symbolic address) May be a forth - next instruction (usually implicit) 或许还有第四这个，下条指令（通常是隐含的） Not common 不常见 Needs very