EIA环境影响评估翻译练习.doc

 HYPERLINK "/view/711215_437" \t "/edit/_blank" Public participation and environmental impact assessment: Purposes, implications, and lessons for public policy making In recent years the need to enhance public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and the efficacy of alternative mechanisms in achieving this goal, have been central themes in the EIA literature. The benefits of public participation are often taken for granted, and partly for this reason the underlying rationale for greater public participation is sometimes poorly articulated, making it more difficult to determine how to pursue it effectively. The reasons for seeking public participation are also highly diverse and not always mutually consistent. There has been limited analysis of the implications of different forms and degrees of public participation for public decision making based on EIA, and little discussion of how experience with public participation in EIA relates to debates about participation in policy making generally. This paper distinguishes various purposes for public participation in EIA, and discusses their implications for decision making. It then draws on some general models of public participation in policy making to consider how approaches to participation in EIA can be interpreted and valued, and asks what EIA experience reveals about the utility of these models. It argues that the models pay insufficient attention to the interaction that can occur between different forms of public participation; and to the fact that public participation raises issues regarding control over decision making that are not subject to resolution, but must be managed through ongoing processes of negotiation. 近年来，需要加强公众参与环境影响评估（环评），并在实现这一目标的替代机制的有效性，在环境影响评估文献中一直是主题。公众参与的好处往往是理所当然的，部分原因是因为这种原因，更大的公众参与的基本理由是不明确的，使它更难以确定如何有效地追求它。寻找到的公共参与的原因也是高度多样化，并且不是一直都相互一致。有限的分析不同形式的影响和公共参与程度基于环境影响评价公众参与公共决策和如何体验公众参与环评的小的讨论与参与政策制定的讨论。这份文件区别了公共参与环境影响评估不同的目的，讨论了作此决定的影响。然后利用一些公众参与政策制定的一般模式去考虑如何达到环境影响评估可以被诠