3-染色体与基因.ppt

China-UK Joint Laboratory 第二章 染色体与DNA（基因） Cells 染色体(chromosome) Chromosome is a discrete unit of the genome carrying many genes. Each chromosome consists of a very long molecule of duplex DNA and an approximately equal mass of proteins. It is visible as a morphological entity only during cell division. 染色质(chromatin) Chromatin describes the condition of the chromosomal material during the interphase (between mitoses) of the cell cycle. 原核细胞染色体 原核：是否具有真正的染色体结构？ 原核染色体DNA的特点： 原核生物中一般只有一条染色体且大都带有单拷贝基因，只有很少数基因〔如rRNA基因〕是以多拷贝形式存在； 整个染色体DNA几乎全部由功能基因与调控序列所组成； 几乎每个基因序列都与它所编码的蛋白质序列呈线性对应状态。 一、真核细