History of language teaching.PPT

History of language teaching According to the learners’ needs. Change of skills. 18th 19th century: Modern languages were taught using the same basic procedures that were used for teaching Latin: GRAMMAR RULES-LISTS OF VOCABULARY-SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION. 19th century innovations Increasing demand for oral proficiency in foreign languages as Europeans travelled. Marcel (1793-1896): child language learning. Reading Prendergast (1806-1886): Children’s use of situational cues to interpret utterances and memorized phrases and “routines” in speaking. First structural syllabus. Gouin (1831-1896): Children language. Use of gestures and actions. The Reform Movement (around XXth century) New ideas discussed in books, articles, pamphlets... Specialists sought new ideas and advocated: The study of the spoken language. Phonetic training. The use of dialogues to introduce conversational phrases and idioms. An inductive approach to the teaching of grammar. Avoidance of the mother tongue. The Reform Movement Henry Sweet (1845-1912): The Practical Study of Languages: Careful selection of what is to be taught. Imposing limits on what is to be taught. Four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Grading materials from simple to complex. General considerations of the Reform Movement (Sweet, Vi?tor). The spoken language is primary. Include phonetics in teaching and teachers. Learners should hear the lang first, before seeing it in written form. Sentences should be taught in meaningful contexts. Grammar should be taught inductively. Avoid translation. Use mother tongue to clarify. The Direct/Natural Method (until 1920’s) Sauveur (1826-1907) in Europe; Berlitz in the USA: Berlitz Method (commercial lang schools): Classroom instruction in Target lang. Learning based on everyday vocabulary sentences. Small and intensive classes. Oral communication skills in graded progression. Communicative exchanges between student-teacher. Grammar taught inductively. Use of demonstrati