The Teaching and Learning Cycle循环的教学和学.PPTVIP

A Teaching and Learning Cycle: a systematic and explicit approach to literacy teaching DECS (2007) Teaching ESL students in mainstream classrooms: Language in learning across the curriculum * What is the Teaching Learning Cycle? A framework for systematically and explicitly scaffolding students to access and produce texts. It provides for the gradual release of responsibility, toward a point where students can independently and confidently construct a text for a major assessment task. A programming tool for planning and sequencing teaching and learning, with an explicit focus on language and literacy. It considers: pre teaching preparation the skills and understandings students bring how to take students through a series of activities that will support language and literacy learning while subject content is taught. * The TLC is based on understanding the central role of language in learning Lev Vygotsky saw the central role language plays in learning recognised importance of interaction with a more expert other developed the notion of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) argued that learning is maximised when students are supported to work in the upper limits of their ZPD believed that what a student can do with help today, s/he can do independently tomorrow. * The TLC is a framework for effective scaffolding in the classroom Jerome Bruner – believed that a learner (even of a very young age) is capable of learning any material so long as the instruction is organized appropriately developed the notion of scaffolding: with high challenge and high support new learning takes place support is provided at point of need and gradually withdrawn as learners become increasingly independent * Effective scaffolding Effective scaffolding requires that: the teacher has a specific aim for the student to achieve: a ‘finite goal’. the teacher backward plans from this goal and provides teaching and learning activities that support and step the student towards ach