Theatre of the Absurd.pptVIP

Theatre of the Absurd The mode of most absurdist plays is tragicomedy.As Nell says in Endgame, Nothing is funnier than unhappiness .its the most comical thing in the world. Esslin cites William Shakespeare as an influence on this aspect of the Absurddrama.Shakespeares influence is acknowledged directly in the titles of Ionescos Macbett and Stoppards Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.  Friedrich Dürrenmatt says in his essay Problems of the Theatre, Comedy alone is suitable for us. But the tragic is still possible even if pure tragedy is not. We can bring it forth as a frightening moment, as an abyss that opens suddenly; indeed, many of Shakespeares tragedies are already really comedies out of which the tragic arises. As an experimental form of theatre, Theatre of the Absurd employs techniques borrowed from earlier innovators. Writers and techniques frequently mentioned in relation to the Theatre of the Absurd include the 19th-century nonsense poets, such as Lewis Carroll or Edward Lear, Polish playwright Stanis?aw Ignacy Witkiewicz, the Russians Daniil Kharms, Nikolai Erdman, and others; Bertolt Brechts distancing techniques in his Epic theatre; and the dream plays of August Strindberg. Another influential playwright was Guillaume Apollinaire whose The Breasts of Tiresias was the first work to be called surreal Pataphysics, Surrealism, and Dadaism (超然科学，超现实主义和达达主义） Relationship with Existentialism （与存在主义的关系） Pataphysics, Surrealism, and Dadaism One of the most significant common precursors is Alfred Jarry whose wild, irreverent, and lascivious Ubu plays scandalized Paris in the 1890s. Likewise, the concept of ‘Pataphysics–“the science of imaginary solutions. Pataphysics, Surrealism, and Dadaism The Theatre of Cruelty was a particularly important philosophical treatise. Artaud claimed theatres reliance on literature was inadequate and that the true power of theatre was in its visceral impact.Artaud was a Surrealis