MankiwEconomicsChap07中山大学吴柏林教授“曼昆·经济学原理”绝密资料.ppt

* 13 13 * 13 13 * 13 13 * 13 13 * 21 17 * 5 5 * 34 24 * 35 11 * 32 22 * 36 11 * 38 26 * 38 26 * 38 26 * 45 26 * 53 32 * * * 54 32 * 54 32 * 56 33 * 56 33 * 8 * 67 38 * 68 39 * Consumer and Producer Surplus in the Market Equilibrium... Price Equilibrium price 0 Quantity Equilibrium quantity A Supply C B Demand D E Producer surplus Consumer surplus Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Three Insights Concerning Market Outcomes Free markets allocate the supply of goods to the buyers who value them most highly. Free markets allocate the demand for goods to the sellers who can produce them at least cost. Free markets produce the quantity of goods that maximizes the sum of consumer and producer surplus. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Price 0 Quantity Equilibrium quantity Supply Demand Cost to sellers Value to buyers Value to buyers Cost to sellers Value to buyers is greater than cost to sellers. Value to buyers is less than cost to sellers. The Efficiency of the Equilibrium Quantity Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. The Efficiency of the Equilibrium Quantity Because the equilibrium outcome is an efficient allocation of resources, the social planner can leave the market outcome as he/she finds it. This policy of leaving well enough alone goes by the French expression laissez faire. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Market Power If a market system is not perfectly competitive, market power may result. Market power is the ability to influence prices. Market power can cause markets to be inefficient because it keeps price and quantity from the equilibrium of supply and demand. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profil