土力学3土中应力计算.pptVIP

3 土中应力计算 主要内容 §3.1 土的自重应力 §3.2 基底压力 §3.3 地基附加应力 §3.4 有效应力原理 一、 均质土的自重应力 一、竖向集中荷载作用下的地基附加应力 竖直均布压力作用基底角点下的附加应力 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 三角形分布荷载 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 圆形面积上作用均布荷载 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 三、条形基础地基中的附加应力计算 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. p x z M x z b/2 b/2 均布荷载情况 条形基底竖向附加应力系数, 均为m ,n的函数，其中m=x/b，n=z/b，可查表得到 基础底面长宽比l / b≥10 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 利用以上各式可绘制各应力等值线图（应力的相同数值点的连线）。 a.条形荷载的影响深度比方形荷载大； b. 的影响范围较浅，所以在基础下地基土的侧向变形 主要发生于浅层； c. 的最大值出现于荷载面积的边缘，所以位于基础边缘下的土容易发生剪切破坏。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * * Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 为了对建筑物地基基础进行沉降（变形）、承载力与稳定性分析，必须掌握建筑前后土中应力的分布和变化情况。由土体重力引起的应力称为自重应力。自重应力一般是自土形成之日就在土中产生。附加应力是指由于外荷载（建筑物荷载、土中水的渗流力等）的作用，在土中产生的应力增量。两种应力由于产生的原因不同，因而分布规律和计算方法也不同。 Evaluation only. Created