句子成分的讲解以及练习.doc

一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east.????????? ?????????? （名词） ??????????? He likes dancing.????? ?????????????????????????????????? （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. ????????????? （数词）?????? is for moms.??? ?????????????????????????????????? （动名词）?????? To see is to believe.?????????? ??????????????? （不定式） ???????? It is .（It形式主语，主语） ?What he needs is a book. ????????????????????????? （主语从句） 二、谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English.??I like English.（及物动词） He came yesterday. She lives in China. (不及物动词) He is asleep. I am 13 years old. (系表结构作谓语) 三、表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.???? ????????????????????????? （名词）???? Seventy-four! You don’t look it.?????????????? （代词） Five and five is ten. ????????????????????????? （数词）??? He is asleep.???????????????? ???????? （形容词）? ???? His father is in.???? ???????????????????????? （副词）???? The picture is on the wall.???????????????? （介词短语） ???? My watch is gone / missing / lost.????? （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ”??????? （不定式） The question is whether they will come.????????????? ????????? （表语从句） 常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）， look（看起来）， feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝、吃起来）， remain（保持，仍是），?feel（感觉） …. It sounds a good idea.?????????????? ????? The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet.??????????? ??????? Tom looks thin. ???? The food smells delicious.?????????? ?????? The food tastes good. ????? The door remains open.??????????? ???????? Now I feel tired. ?四、宾语： 1）动作的承受者——动宾????? ?I like China. （名词）???? He hates you. （代词） ?????? How many do you need? We need two. （数词） ????? ??We should help the old and the poor.?? I enjoy working with you.?（动名词） ????? ??I hope to see you again.?（不定式）?? Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾 ????? ?Are you afraid of the snake???????? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） ????? ?He gave me a book yesterday.?????? Give the po