lecture12languageandsociety介绍.ppt

Lecture 12 Language and Society 教学目标及基本要求 1.Let the students know the scope of socio- linguistics. 2. Let the students know the varieties of language. ????? 教学重点Teaching focus The Rise and Development of Socio-linguistics The Scope of Socio-linguistics Two approaches to socio-linguistic studies. Speech community and speech variety Varieties of language: Dialectal varieties ; register and the degree of formality The Rise and Development of Socio-linguistics The year of 1911 was very important in the history of linguistics Swiss Linguist F.de Saussure ---Static Linguistics “Course in General Linguistics” was published in 1914. According to Saussure’s idea, language is a system, language is a form. 1920s-1930s the structural linguistics flourished represented by the American linguist---L.Bloomfield. The structural linguists believed that language forms or structures should be the focus while meaning is neglected. In the late 1950s, American linguist Noam Chomsky began to reject the structural approach. He began to study the “ universal grammar” in human brain or linguistic competence. He believes that language is a mental phenomenon. Language is innate and human specific. Language is universal. He put forward the TG grammar. The task of the linguist is to discover the rules from the speaker’s performance. Structural linguistics and mentalist linguistics are both formal linguistics or descriptive linguistics. The focus is on the study of forms of language. They separated the language from culture and society etc. Micro-Linguistics(微观语言学): or the General Linguistics(普通语言学) Phonetics Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Since the 1960s,this formal linguistics or the micro –linguistics began to lose the popularity. American anthropologist D. Hymes, British linguist M.A.K. Halliday and British socio-linguist Hudson The language each individual speaks will tell you which social group he belongs to, or what region he mostly lives