浅析现状农村生活污水存在问题及应对方法中英文.docVIP

浅析现状农村生活污水存在问题 文中主要分析了农村生活污水特点及排放特征、处理现状及问题，并根据村落布局和社会经济条件，探讨了适宜不同地区的农村污水处理模式。同时为了保证生活污水处理系统长期稳定可持续运行，提出了有效宏观管理措施。 This paper mainly analyzes the status and problems of rural domestic wastewater characteristics and emission characteristics, treatment, and according to the layout of the village and the social and economic conditions, suitable for different areas of rural sewage treatment mode. At the same time in order to ensure long-term steady operation of the sewage treatment system, and puts forward some effective management measures. 一、现状农村生活污水及存在的问题　 One, current situation and existing problems of rural domestic sewage 　（一）现状农村生活污水水质及排放特点 ( a ) the status of rural life sewage water and exhaust emission characteristics 　　农村生活污水包括洗涤、沐浴、厨房炊事、粪便及其冲洗等排水 。由于农村经济发展的不平衡，各地农村生活污水的量和质也相差较大，经济发达地区的农村居民生活污水量远高于欠发达地区，污水中氮和磷也高于欠发达地区，而有机污染物较欠发达地区的要低。总的说来，我国农村生活污水具有面广分散、来源多、增长快、污水成分复杂、水质及水量变化大[5-6] 的特征。　 Rural sewage includes washing, bath, kitchen, feces and water drainage. Because of the unbalanced development of the rural economy, rural domestic sewage quantity and quality are also different, the amount of domestic sewage in rural residents in economically developed areas is much higher than in underdeveloped areas, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater was also higher than that of underdeveloped area, and organic pollutants is owe to the low developed area. Generally speaking, the characteristics of rural domestic sewage has wide sources, dispersion, fast growth, sewage complex, water quality and quantity changes of [5-6]. 　（二）农村污水处理现状及问题 ( two ) status and problems of sewage treatment in rural areas 　　我国农村生活污水的排放途径主要是直接洒向地面、就近排入河道或通过下水道入河等。农村污水排放中存在的问题主要表现在: 一是不少农户在新建房屋和旧房卫生设施改造中，虽然建有三格式化粪池，但却没有排放设施，而是依靠土壤渗透，这种方法虽简便，却严重污染了周围的地下水; 二是即使有排水系统，绝大多数也是合流制排水，且一般采用明沟排水，由于没有科学、合理地进行规划，加之农药的大量使用、畜禽粪便随雨水流入沟渠，一到晴天气味难闻，严重污染着农村生活环境; 三是农村往往有灌渠贯穿其中，随着各家各户普遍使用冲水厕所，各种污废水未经处理大量排入灌渠，对农业灌溉用水污染颇大。 Discharge of rural domestic wastewater in our country is directly sprayed to the ground, th