1.介词综述.docVIP

英语介词综述 介词贯穿的名动形连冠等绝大多数词，都要通过介词来灵活运用。 下面是介词的五个预备知识。 1熟练使用的两套工具 1.1词语句的结构工具 记忆原则折中：简化顺口;;缀合混成;;同化变位{唇齿,齿舌,舌根} 词基重点三类：(名动,形副);;(介,连,助,代);;(数量词,限定词,感叹词) 短语路线双轨：(使己,使其)^(pn,dn,adj,adv,inf,ed,ing,cl,ccl) 逻辑关系三叉：补名^(谓,补,定);;状动^(主,宾,状);;状名^(主,分,逗) 1.2词语句的符号工具 词形特征尖号：goad^at{go^advance, cut into, poke}(刺戳;;刺激) 语法注释括号：assist^in(有助于,有利于,促进)(使己^地进行) 语义顺序分号：skip^over{skin^put}(打水漂;;跳过,忽略;;疏忽,遗漏) 2介词表达的时空关系 2.1时空关系的概念 1) 基本概念：时空关系=主句动说过程+从句介定状态，范畴=抽象的点 2) 主从搭配：不共时^从句;; 不共处^从句;; 在共时^从句;; 在共处^从句 3) 动介搭配：离外^范畴点;; 离内^因素圈;; 到外^范畴点;; 到内^因素圈 4) 动词长短：长过程动词;; 短过程动词;; 短程化动词 5) 介词内外：因素圈介词;; 范畴点介词;; 范畴化介词 2.2不共关系（不共时，不共处） 不共时：同一事物涉及的不同时期;;主句陈述夺离^从句界定所在时态 不共处：同一事物涉及的不同处所;;主句陈述夺离^从句界定所在处所 1) 夺离^在之前：{be,stop}^{b4,ago,in the past of,in advance of;;until,to} 2) 夺离^在之后：{wait,feel}^{since,from;;after,in^will,later,afterward} 3) 离外^范畴点：{scatter,go}^{from,off,without,not/but/except pn,unlike} 4) 离内^因素圈：{get,grow}^{out of,of,except,but,not,excluding} 不共一览表（点不共=离外范畴点, 圈不共=离内因素圈） 主句^从界定 不共关系的典型例句 参比词 完般;;首还没 Before I said he’d been angry. by 完般;;肯长才 I’d waited long before he came. in the past 完般;;否长就 It’not been long before he came. when,at 般般;首无till Until he set off I didn’t go home. up to 般般;;要长到 It took 3 days till he returnsed up till 般般;;否才到 I didn’t say until he agreed. unless 完般;;已自从 It’s(been)3 years since we parted =It is 3days~ 完般;;已自从 Since you told it I’d been busy. from?on 般完;;才事先 I went home after he had agreed. because 般般;;就事先 I went to bed after he went away. ?until 离外^范畴点 The desk is made from wood wooddesk 离外^范畴点 He died from an accident. ?with 离外^范畴点 I came from Beijing. far from 离外^范畴点 Take the picture off the wall. off from 离外^范畴点 He did well except for math. but for 离外^范畴点 It goes without his attention. with no 离外^范畴点 He often goes against the rules. far from 离外^范畴点 It feels hard unlike of soft. not like 离内^因素圈 The bag is made of petroleum out of 离内^因素圈 He looked out of the window out from 离内^因素圈 He died of lung cancer. cus of, by 离内^因素圈 They did w