雅思语法——第一讲 英语基本句子成分和结构.docVIP

第一讲 英语基本句子成分和句子结构 一、英语句子成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分有主要成分次要成分，主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语同位语。 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Tom is a good boy. （名词） We often speak English in class. （代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式） Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词） The rich should help the poor. （名词化形容词 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it为形式主语，不定式谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如：He practices running every morning. (2) 复合谓语 ：由情态动词或其他助动词动词原形构成例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. We are having a quick breakfast. 3. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become, get, grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句充当。例如： My mother is a doctor.名词 Is it yours? （代词 The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting.（现在分词） The door is closed.（过去分词） Three times seven is twenty one.（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.副词 The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句） 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have three.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me. （不定式） I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词） I think (that) he is fit for this job. （宾语从句）宾语种类：双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please. 间宾 直宾 直宾 间宾可以带宾语的动词有bring, give, show, send,