传统时态与曲刚时态.doc

什么是时态一致？ 1.时态一致是指复合句的从句(主要是名词从句，特别是名词从句当宾语时)的谓语动词时态，一般要受主句谓语动词时态的影响，要与之相适应。 2.主句谓语动词是一般现在时，现在完成时，或一般将来时时，从句的谓语动词可根据意义，用所需的任何时态。 I know why he didn't come to the meeting. 我知道他为什么没有参加会议。 3.主句谓语动词是过去时态，从句的谓语动词一般也要用过去时态的某种形式。 They said they had an important meeting. 他们说他们开了一个重要的会议。（从句与主句的动作同时发生，从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。） I heard that he had been writing novels. 我听说他一直在写小说。（从句动作在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。） I was afraid that I should lose my way in the dark. 我怕天黑我会迷路。（从句动作在主句动作之后，从句用过去将来时。） 4.从句，如有明确，具体的时间副词或短语，其谓语动词一般用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 He told me he was born in 1928. 他告诉我他生于1928年。 5.从句表示普遍真理，客观规律或现在的习惯时，其谓语动词用现在时态。 The teacher told the pupils that the earth is round. 老师告诉学生们地球是圆的。 6.定语从句和表示原因，比较等的状语从句的谓语动词，一般不受时态一致的一般规则的制约，可用符合文意的任何时态。 He spoke English better than you speak it now. 他过去英语讲的比你现在讲的好。 时态误用辨析详解 1.中文：他在许多年前去过欧洲。 (误)He had been to Europe many years ago. (正)He went to Europe many years ago.（在上下文没有同过去某时或某个动作相比较而表示过去的意思，不可用过去完成时，而要用一般过去时。） 2.中文：她穿着蓝色上衣，看上去很可爱。 (误)She was wearing a blue dress and was looking very pretty. (正)She was wearing a blue dress and looked very pretty.（表示看上去的look是系动词，不用进行时。） 3.中文：我去看他们的时候他们在吃晚餐。 (误)They had supper when I went to see them. (正)They were having supper when I went to see them.（他们在吃晚餐是在过去我去看他们的时间某一点上正进行的动作，应用过去进行时。） 4.中文：她两个月前去澳洲了，她许多年前到过那里。 (误)She went to Australia two months ago. She has been there many years before. (正)She went to Australia two months ago. She had been there many years before.（many years before是从过去的某时之前算起的，表示过去的过去，要和过去完成时连用。） 5.中文：他们问发生什么事了。 (误)They asked what happened. (正)They asked what had happened.（主句是一般过去时，从句的动作发生在它之前，用过去完成时。） 6.中文：从战争开始时他就一直在那里工作。 (误)He has worked there since the war has begun. (正)He has worked there since the war began.（since引导的从句表示过去的某时间点，应用一般过去时。） 7.中文：昨晚我写了一封信，今晨寄出了。 (误)I was writing a letter yesterday evening and posted it this morning. (正)I wrote a letter yesterday evening and posted it this morning.（进行时表示进行，一般过去时表示完成，所以应用 wrote。） 8.中文：他去年离开家我就一直没有见过他。 (误)He