英 语 构 词 法 语 构 词 法.doc

英 语 构 词 法 语言中词的总和构成词汇，但是词汇并不是一堆杂乱无章、互不相关的群体，而是一个严密体系，在这个结构的体系中，词与词之间有着各种各样的联系。英语中的这些联系的规律总结起来就是构词。英语中构词的方法就是构词法。构词法主要有合成法、转化法、派生法和缩略法四种。掌握构词法是迅速扩大词汇量的重要方法之一。第一节 合成法合成法就是指由两个或两个以上的单词合成的词叫合成词。这种构词方式主要有两种：复合法、结合法。合成法主要是构成合成名词和合成形容词。复合法构成的复合词，它们各个结合的部分相互间的语法关系是紧密相关的。如blackboard和darkroom都是形容词和名词形成的结构，writing desk是动词名词和名词形式的结构。结合法形成的词是形态合成词，它的结合是用一个起来连接作用的中缀来把两个或两上以上的词根词素紧紧的连缀在一起。如，用辅音字母－s－来缀全两个词根词素构成的词有：salesman, townspeople等。合成的方式常见的有如下几种：一、合成名词1、名词／代词＋名词：woman-doctor, women-doctors, workshop, spaceship, he-goat, coal fire, motorcycle, gas cooker, oil well, power plant, silk worm, gold mine, bottleneck, piano keys, telephone?receiver, television screen, chairman, fireman, motorman, police-officer, postman, pine tree, girl friend, boy friend, goldfish, raindrop, birdcage, breakfast time, flowerbed, tearoom,?2、动词＋名词：blowpipe, flashlight, watchdog, call-girl, searchlight3、形容词＋名词：blacksmith, blackboard, supermarket, superman, darkroom, blackbird, highchair, hothouse, greenhouse, madman4、动名词＋名词：reading-room, sitting-room, classroom, schoolroom, dining room, building materials, dancing girl, cleaning women, flying machine, washing machine, working conditions, boilding point, drinking water, swimming pool, drinking cup, typing paper, writing desk, sewing machine, walking stick,?5、名词＋动名词：machine-building, shoe-making, paper-correcting, book-keeping, dressmaking, letter-writing, story-telling, town-planning, handwriting, sun-bathing, horse riding, churchgoing,?daydreaming6、动词＋副词：stand-by, take-off, cut-off, breakdown7、副词＋名词：downfall, rainfall, outhouse8、现在分词＋名词：running dog, running water, flying fish, rising sun, burning stick,?9、名词＋介词＋名词：man-of-war, editor-in-chief,?10、名词＋连词字母＋名词：handiwork, nowadays11、介词／副词＋名词：afternoon, inland, overbalance二、合成形容词1、形容词＋名词＋ed：five-storeyed, one-eyed, double-faced, blue-eyed,?2、名词＋名词＋ed：honey-mouthed,?3、名词／代词＋分词：man-made, heart-broken, self-educated, snow-covered, man-eating, peace-loving, paper-making, ocean-go