第三章光有源器件解析.ppt

直接调制和外调制 光源的外调制技术 调制信号不直接施加在LD上，而是施加在光调制器上。 外调制技术分类： 电光调制 Electrooptic Effects 电致吸收 Electro-Absorption Effects 磁光调制 Magnetooptic Effects 声光调制 Acoustic Modulators 其中电光调制和电致吸收最为常用。 电光效应光调制器 电光效应：电压施加于某些电光晶体(如LiNbO3 ) ，导致晶体折射率发生变化，引起通过该晶体的光波特性发生变化。 折射率变化?n与外加电场E有着复杂的关系，可近似地认为?n与(r ?E?+R ?E?2)成正比。 电致吸收光调制器 增益频谱 纤芯中掺入铝离子，带宽还可增大且增益频谱相当平坦。 小信号增益 小信号增益 增益饱和（或压缩）特性 光纤拉曼放大器FRA 光纤中的非线性效应 SRS 受激拉曼散射 实现光信号的放大 FRA FRA放大增益和泵浦功率的关系 FRA的优缺点 优点 1.增益波长由泵浦光波长决定。 2.增益介质可以为传输光纤本身。 3.噪声系数低。FRA的NF小于4.5dB，好于SOA（约8dB）和EDFA（约6dB）。 缺点 需要特大功率的泵浦激光器 几种光放大器的比较 EDFA和FRA的混合放大应用 In an optical resonator, light is confined and stored at certain resonance frequencies Pulsed Fiber Lasers External modulation : CW laser + external switch or modulator energy is blocked during the off-time of the pulse train peak pulse power CW power Internal modulation : turning the laser itself on and off energy is stored during the off-time of the pulse train peak pulse power CW power different methods : gain switching : gain control by turning the laser pump on and off Q-switching : periodic loss increase (absorber inside the resonator) mode locking : coupling laser modes and locking their phases An Example of Active Mode Locking Passively Mode-locked Fiber Lasers 8字形腔 * Gain switching is a rather direct approach in which the gain is controlled by turning the laser pump on and off. In Q-switching, the laser output in turned off by increasing the resonator loss (i.e. its quality factor Q) periodically by means of a modulated absorber inside the resonator. During off-times, the energy is stored in the form of an accumulated population inversion (pump is always on). During on-times, this large accumulated population inversion is released, generating intense short pulses of light. Cavity dumping is based on storing photons in the resonator during off-times and releasing them during on-times. By contrast with Q-switching, the resonator loss is here modulated by altering the mirror transmittance. P