高一时态语态讲义.docVIP

动词的时态与语态 高中英语九大时态精讲 英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)： 　 时态 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时? 现在 study be studying have studied have been studying 过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying 将来 will study will be studying will have studied will have been studying 过去将来 would study Would be studying would have studied would have been studying 1. 一般现在时 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。　 时间状语： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday 　 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 　 The earth moves around the sun.　 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 　 Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。 　 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 　 I dont want so much. 　 Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.　　　 I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 二. 构成及变化 1、be动词的变化 　　肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：　I am a boy.　　我是一个男孩。 　　否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.　　他不是工人。 　　一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student?　　-Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2、行为动词的变化 　　当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do 　　肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。　　如：　We often play basketball after school. 　　否定句：主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。　　如：we don’t play basketball after school. 　　一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它?　　如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?　　如： What do you often do after school ? 　　当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does 　　肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well. 　　否定句：主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。 　　如：He doesn’t swim well.. 　　一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。 　　如：Does he swim well ? 　　Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句? 　　如： How does your father go to work? 三、第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式) 　　(1)多数动词直接加s: 　　runs gets likes collects takes plays climbs……. 　　(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母,结尾加es : 　　watches teaches goes