movementthroughcellmembranes（movementthroughcellmembranes）.docVIP

2.2 Cell Metabolism Objectives 2.2.6 Movement through cell membranes Define the term: Selectively permeable Explain the role of selectively permeable membranes. Define the terms: osmosis diffusion Give examples of diffusion and osmosis. Define the term: turgor. Explain turgidity in plant cells. Describe the application of high salt or sugar concentration in food preservation. It is passive i.e. no energy required. Rate of diffusion depends on factors such as temp., conc. difference, distance, surface area, type of medium and mass of substance. Faster diffusion if temp. high, short distance, big conc. difference, gas medium. e.g.: gaseous exchange in alveoli of lungs diffusion of oxygen into a cell for respiration and carbon dioxide out of mitochondrion. gaseous exchange in leaf e.g. carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. the way the smell of perfume, bread baking and stink bombs spread sugar in tea. transpiration of water vapour through stomata of leaf. absorption of food in villi. e.g. water absorption by roots water movement from cell to cell water reabsorption by nephron (in kidney) Hypertonic solution = higher solute concentration than normal. Hypotonic solution = lower solute concentration than normal. Concentrated solution = larger amount of solute in solvent Selectively permeable membranes allow some but not all substances through e.g. biological membranes, cellophane, visking tubing, dialysis tubing. They allow substances such as water, oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass freely but do not allow sugars, proteins and salts to pass through easily. Mandatory expt. To demonstrate osmosis. Expt. A. To demonstrate osmosis in an artificial cell using visking tubing with syrup/sugar solution/salt solution surrounded by water. Result: Bag swells up due to osmosis. Expt. B: To demonstrate osmosis in a living cell - potato and salt. Boil potato for 3 mins. Leave potatoes 60 mins. for result. Result: Raw potato and