electricalandelectronicsengineeringdepartment（38页）.docVIP

EE2402 -PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR SEVENTH SEMESTER TWO MARKS QUESTION ANSWERS Unit I What are the functions of protective relays? To detect the fault and initiate the operation of the circuit breaker to isolate the defective element from the rest of the system, thereby protecting the system from damages consequent to the fault. What is back up protection? Is the second line of defence, which operates if the primary protection fails to activate within a definite time delay. How does the over voltage surge affect the power system? The over voltage of the power system leads to insulation breakdown of the equipments. It causes the line insulation to flash over and may also damage the nearby transformer, generators and the other equipment connected to the line. What are symmetrical components? It is a mathematical tool to resolve unbalanced components into balanced components. Define negative sequence component. It has 3 vectors equal in magnitude and displaced from each other by an angle 120 degrees and has the phase sequence in opposite to its original phasors. Give the consequences of short circuit. Whenever short-circuit occurs, the current flowing through the coil increases to an enormous value. If protective relays are present, a heavy current also flows through the relay coil, causing it to operate by closing its contacts. The trip circuit is then closed, the circuit breaker opens and the fault is isolated from the rest of the system. Also, a low voltage may be created which may damage systems connected to the supply. What is the need of relay coordination? The operation of a relay should be fast and selective, ie, it should isolate the fault in the shortest possible time causing minimum disturbance to the system. Also, if a relay fails to operate, there should be sufficiently quick backup protection so that the rest of the system is protected. By coordinating relays, faults can always be isolated quickly without serious disturbance to the rest of the system. Stat