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Appendix C—Deformation Models for UCERF3.3 Compiled by Tom Parsons4, Kaj Johnson6, Peter Bird1, Jayne Bormann2, Tim Dawson3, Ned Field4, William Hammond2, Thomas Herring5, Rob McCaffrey7, Zhen-Kang Shen1, Wayne Thatcher4, Ray Weldon8, and Yuehua Zeng4 Summary This document describes efforts to best characterize seismogenic deformation in and near California. The rate of hazardous earthquakes in California is expected to be proportional to deformation rates; in particular, the rates at which faults slip. Fault slip rates are determined from offsets of geologic and geomorphic features of measured age and by modeling geodetically determined surface displacement rates. Extensive use of geodesy in the form of Global Positioning System (GPS) observations is a new feature brought into the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) forecasts for the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, version 3 (UCERF3) model. Geodetic measurements are potentially more spatially comprehensive than geologic offset observations, which can be clustered. Applying either type of data is subject to considerable uncertainty. Geologic observations have dating and other measurement errors, and they often must be extrapolated long distances on fault sections. However, geodetic observations require a modeling step to translate them into estimates of fault slip rate, and they have poor resolution on closely spaced, locked faults. Details about fault slip rates from geologic offsets are presented in appendix B (this report). In this appendix we look at three deformation models that use geologic and geodetic constraints and compare/contrast them with the UCERF3 geological model and the UCERF2 deformation model. We present models, results, and evaluation for their use in the UCERF3 forecast. We identify here two classes of geodetic models for fault slip rate and residual “off-fault” seismogenic deformation: (1) elastic block models and (2) what we call faulted continuum model