microsoft word-lab_2.doc- dr. steve broome（微软word-lab_2。医生——史蒂夫·布鲁姆博士）（12页）.docVIP

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microsoft word-lab_2.doc- dr. steve broome（微软word-lab_2。医生——史蒂夫·布鲁姆博士）（12页）.doc

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microsoft word-lab_2.doc- dr. steve broome（微软word-lab_2。医生——史蒂夫·布鲁姆博士）（12页）

COMMON ROCKS AND MINERALS IN SOIL PARENT MATERIALS LABORATORY EXERCISE #2 OBJECTIVES Know the definition of a mineral and a rock. Recognize common minerals and rocks. Understand the general geology of North Carolina INTRODUCTION In the piedmont and mountain land regions of North Carolina, parent materials change when the rock type changes. Coastal Plain soils are formed from weathered and eroded rock particles that are moved by water and maybe alluvial or marine sediments. These sediments have similar minerals, so parent material differences are related to changes in the amounts of sand, silt, and clay. Properties of parent materials within the same landform vary if changes in texture occur. For example, a single floodplain may contain pockets of sands and clays at different locations These differences produce changes in soil water holding capacity and fertility. Two different parent materials deposited side by side (same climate, biotic, topography, and age) will result in two soils having different properties Minerals are naturally occurring homogenous solid, inorganically formed, having a definite chemical composition and an orderly atomic arrangement. Most minerals have fairly definite physical properties such as crystal form, color, luster, hardness, specific gravity, and solubility. Minerals are classified as to their origin and chemical composition Based on origin, minerals may be primary and secondary minerals Rocks are simply aggregates of two or more minerals. Primary Minerals: Are formed by the cooling and solidification of original molten material. 1. Quartz: SiO2 Image Most common soil forming mineral Make up 13% of earths crust and from 30 to 40% of the average soil Commonly a translucent milky-white color Hard enough to scratch glass Resistant to weathering Present in granite; absent from basalt Present in almost all sandstone Does not contribute plant nutrients to the soil 2. Feldspar -alumino-silicates with bases of K, Na, a