6.syn的tax.pptVIP

句法学 MC Questions 1. The word “singer” contains two ___.A. phonemes B. allophones C.morphemes 2. ____morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A. Free B. Bound C. Affix 3. ____modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Affixes What is Syntax? Syntax is the study of how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences. A Labeled Tree Diagram加标记的树形图 Chomsky and TG Grammar乔姆斯基与转换生成语法 Chomsky and TG Grammar乔姆斯基与转换生成语法 Deep structure and surface structure深层结构与表层结构 He is anxious to teach. He is difficult to teach. Deep structure—the structure that contains all the units and relationships that are necessary for interpreting the meaning of the sentence. Surface structure—the structure of the sentence as it is pronounced or written when we use the language. Syntactic Categories 句法范畴 Syntactic Category—a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. Lexical Categories(词范畴,词类)—nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions… Phrasal Categories(短语范畴,词组类)—noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases,… Lexical Categories Major lexical categories 主要词汇范畴 examples Noun (N) book, boy, love Verb (V) run, read, play Adjective (A) happy, tall, clear Preposition (P) about, over, on Minor lexical categories 次要词汇范畴 Determiner (Det)限定词 the, a, this, those Degree word (Deg) 程度词 quite, very, more, so Qualifier (Qual) 修饰词 often, seldom, always Auxiliary (Aux) must, should, can, might Conjunction (Con) and, but, or Phrase Categories短语范畴,词组类 Syntactic units built around a certain word category are called Phrases, the category of which is determined by the word category around which the phrase is built. NP— a tall man, the student VP—drink water,