宏观经济学5.总供给与总需求解读.pptVIP

Chapter 5 Aggregate Supply and Demand 总供给与总需求 Chapter highlights(提要) output and prices are determined by aggregate supply and aggregate demand. the slope of the aggregate supply curve reflects the economy’s price adjustment mechanism. 产出和价格是由总供给和总需求决定的. 总供给曲线的斜率反映经济的价格调整机制 In the short run, the aggregate supply curve is flat. In the long run, the aggregate supply curve is vertical 在短期,总供给曲线是水平的. 在长期,总供给曲线是垂直的。 Changes in aggregate demand, the result of changes in fiscal and monetary policy as well as individual decisions about consumption and investment, change output in the short run and change prices in the long run. 总需求的变化：是财政、金融政策以及个人消费与投资决策变化的结果，在短期内会改变产量，在长期，将会改变价格．  5-1 The aggregate supply(AS) 总供给曲线 The aggregate supply(AS) curve describes, for each given price level, the quantity of output firms are willing to supply. The aggregate demand(AD) curve shows the combinations of the prices level and level of output at which the goods and money markets are simultaneously in equilibrium. 总供给曲线：给定价格水平下，厂商愿意供给的商品的数量。 总需求曲线：描述商品市场和货币市场同时均衡时，价格水平和产量水平的组合。 Fig5-1 Aggregate Supply Demand Fig 5-2 An Increase in the Money Stock Shifts Aggregate Demand to the Right An increase in the money stock causes both the level of output and the price level to rise. Depends on the slope of the AS and the extent to which the AD shift. Fig 5-3 A Leftward Shift of Aggregate Supply shows an adverse (upward and leftward) aggregate supply shock (the 1973 OEPC oil embargo) 显示逆向的总供给冲击（１９７３年欧佩克的石油禁运） 5-1 the aggregate supply curve the aggregate supply curve describes, for each given prices level, the quantity of output firms are willing to supply. In the short run the AS curve is horizontal(the Keynesian aggregate supply curve); (fig5-4a) Fig5-4 Keynesian Classical Aggregate Supply Functions The Keynesian aggregate supply curve is horizontal, indicating that firms will supply whatever amount of goods is demanded at the existing prices level. 凯恩斯总供给曲线是