水稻轻简化栽培技术[精选].docVIP

《现代农业发展与实践》课程论文 论文题目：水稻轻简化栽培 学 生：向 依 2014301120013 叶 苗 2014301120022 指导老师：杨国正 教授 摘要 到2050年，世界人口将会增至89亿左右，对粮食的需求也随之增加。水稻作为世界上最重要的粮食作物之一，世界上50%以上的人口以稻米为主食，我国有65%的人口以稻米为主食。提高水稻产量对于保障全球和我国粮食安全至关重要。我国传统的水稻种植方式为育秧移栽，需要很大的劳动投入。近些年来，随着城市化进程加快，农村劳动力大量向城市转移使得农村劳动力大幅减少。另外，加上粮食价格太低等原因，从事水稻生产的人也越来越少。为了提高水稻生产效率，必须进行水稻轻简化栽培。上个世纪以来，我国从欧美、日本、韩国等发达国家引进并发展了许多轻简化水稻栽培技术，包括机械移栽、水稻抛栽、直播栽培、免耕栽培、再生稻栽培及水稻的智能化栽培等。本文将对以上轻简化栽培技术进行综述，详细介绍各种栽培技术的概况、发展、优缺点等。 关键词：轻简化 育秧移栽 机插秧 抛秧 直播 免耕 再生稻 智能化 Abstract The total population on earth will constantly increase to 8.9 billion by 2050, the demand for foods will also increase. Rice, as the staple food in the world, more than 50% of the total population on the earth take rice as their main foods, and in China, this ratio is about 65%. Improving rice yield is vital important to ensure the global and Chinese food security. Chinese traditional rice cultivation pattern is seedling transplanting, which consuming a lot of labors. Nowadays, with the development of urbanization is faster and faster, a lot of farmers transfered from rural to the city, result in rural labors decreased a lot. Moreover, the price of rice kept in a low level for a long time, people engaged in rice production less and less. In order to improve rice’s production efficiency, it’s necessary to simplify rice’s cultivation pattern. From last century, our nation has import- ed and developed many simplified cultivation techniques of rice. In this article, we will summarize some simplified cultivation techniques of rice, including machine transplanting culture, throwing culture, direct seedling culture, no-tillage culture, retooning rice and Intelligent cultivation. Keywords: simplified cultivation, raising seedling, machine culture, throwing culture, direct seedling culture, no-tillage culture, retooning rice and Intelligent cultivation. 1.前言 联合国统计数据表明，到2050年，世界人口将增至89亿(Lutz et al., 2001;Cohen, 2003)，对粮食的需求也随之增加。近些年来，土壤退化和城市化进