fundamentalsof modeling, data assimilation,and high（fundamentalsof建模、数据同化和高）.docVIP

Fundamentals of Modeling, Data Assimilation, and High-performance Computing Lecture Notes September 24, 2004 (revised April 20, 2005) Richard B. Rood Introduction This lecture will introduce the concepts of modeling, data assimilation and high- performance computing as it relates to the study of atmospheric composition. The lecture will work from basic definitions and will strive to provide a framework for thinking about development and application of models and data assimilation systems. It will not provide technical or algorithmic information, leaving that to textbooks, technical reports, and ultimately scientific journals. References to a number of textbooks and papers will be provided as a gateway to the literature. The text will be divided into four major sections. Modeling Data Assimilation Observing System High-performance Computing Modeling Dictionary definitions of model include: A work or construction used in testing or perfecting a final product. A schematic description of a system, theory, or phenomenon that accounts for its known or inferred properties and may be used for further studies of its characteristics. In atmospheric modeling the scientist is generally faced with a set of observations of parameters, for instance, wind, temperature, water, ozone, etc., as well as either the knowledge or expectation of correlated behavior between the different parameters. A number of types of models could be developed to describe the observations. These include: Conceptual or heuristic models which outline in the simplest terms the processes that describe the interrelation between different observed phenomena. These models are often intuitively or theoretically based. An example would be the tropical pipe model of Plumb and Ko [1992], which describes the transport of long-lived tracers in the stratosphere. Statistical models which describe the behavior of the observations based on the observations themselves. That is the ob