英汉差异与英语.ppt

英汉差异与英语写作 Chinglish vs. real English 不同的民族有着不同的民族文化，也有着不同的思维方式、思维特征和思维风格，即存在着思维差异。英汉思维方式之间存在着很大差异，这种差异不仅反映在语言本身的特点上，而且反映在语言的使用上。中国学生在英语写作时会不可避免地受到母语思维方式的干扰和影响，即学生在用英语写作时离不开母语的参与。学生英语写作中在词汇选择、句子以及段落语篇构建三方面受到英汉思维差异的影响。 词汇 词汇是写作的基本要素，英汉思维模式的差异会造成选择词语上的差异。 a)动词、名词和介词使用频率上的差异 b) 词语搭配差异 c) 动词表述差异 d) 英汉词语的文化差异 a)动词、名词和介词使用频率上的差异 Which sentence is more likely to be real English? He is able to eat and sleep. He is a good eater and sleeper. The book is too difficult for me to understand. The book is totally beyond me. If you compare two ways of life carefully, you will find the former is superior to the latter. Careful comparison of two ways of life will show the superiority of the former over the latter. 汉语是动态的，语言中动词使用频率高；英语是静态的，与汉语相比呈现出较少使用动词的倾向，而英语的抽象表达法则表现为大量使用抽象名词和介词。中国学生受汉语思维的影响，没有注意到两种语言的差异，导致在英语写作中出现失误，或很少想到用介词词组表达的句式，或用抽象名词来表达动作意义。 农民缺乏训练，许多农场生产率很低，这就使得大多数农民处于贫穷的困境。 Farmers lack training , and the productivity in farms is very low. This may place them in a disadvantageous position. Inadequate training for farmers and low productivity of many farms place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries. (1)a.The doctor arrived extremely quickly and examined the patient uncommonly carefully; the result was that he recovered very quickly. b. The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. (2)a.He is reading books. b. He is at his books. b) 词语搭配差异  拥挤的交通 the crowded traffic 找借口 find an excuse 接电话 receive the phone 享受公费医疗enjoy free medical care 对身体有害 do harm to one’s body 吃药 eat medicine 培养…的习惯 train the habit of 赢某人 win somebody 吃现成饭 eat finished meals 没有用 have no use 遵守时间 obey the time 睡得很晚 sleep late 穿现成的衣服 wear bought clothes 拓宽视野 widen one’s eyesight the heavy/busy traffic make an excuse answer the phone be entitled to free medical care do harm to one’s health take medicine form/fall into/dev