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中国特高拱坝建设特点与关键技术问题 作者：[ 周建平 杜效鹄 ] 发表时间：[ 2013-4-7 ] 阅读次数：[ 335 ] 　　摘要：我国特高拱坝具有坝高谷宽、水推力大的基本特点以及地质条件复杂的客观因素，由此引起的坝体应力、坝肩稳定、混凝土温控防裂、边坡及基础处理、施工期应力等构成我国特高拱坝设计建设的关键技术问题。针对未来特高拱坝建设所面临的问题，提出设计准则、安全标准和要求，真实工作性态、失效概率和破坏机理，特高拱坝风险特征、风险标准和抗风险要求，地震安全和抗震措施，坝体混凝土温度控制和防裂，坝基坝肩地质缺陷处理、新材料和新工艺等方面是特高拱坝需要进行系统深入研究的方向。 　　关键词：特高拱坝；特点；关键技术；坝肩稳定；地基处理；坝体应力；温控防裂；研究方向 　　Characteristics and Key technologies of Super-high Arch Dam Construction in China 　　Zhou Jianping, Du Xiaohu 　　Abstract: The super-high arch dam in China has some basic characteristics of high height, wide river valley and large water thrust, and an objective factor of complex geological conditions. These specialties bring about some problems on dam body stress, abutment stability, dam concrete temperature control and crack prevention, slope and dam foundation treatment, and complicated stress during construction period. The solutions of these problems constitute the key technologies in the design and construction of super -high arch dam in China. For dealing with these problems, some special studies needing to be conducted systematically and in-depth are proposed herein, including design criteria, safety standard and evaluation, real operation state, failure probability and mechanism, risk feature, risk standard and anti-risk requirement, seismic safety and measures, dam concrete temperature control and crack prevention, geological defects treatment for dam foundation and abutment, new material and new processes. 　　Key Words: super-high arch dam; characteristics; key technology; abutment stability; foundation treatment; dam body stress;temperature control and crack prevention; research 　　中图分类号：TV642.4 文献标识码：B 文章编号：0559-9342（2012）08-0029-04 　　0 前言 　　拱坝作为一种重要的坝型，以结构轻巧、线条光滑和体形优美而著称。在狭窄河谷修建拱坝既经济又安全。在坝址和坝高相同的条件下，拱坝体积仅为重力坝的1/2～1/5。拱的作用越强，坝身体积也就越小；坝越高，拱坝的优势也就越明显。全世界已建、在建高度超过200 m 的大坝有65 座，其中拱坝31 座，占47.7%。我国已建、在建坝高超过200 m以上的大坝有27 座，其中拱坝15 座，占到55.6%。 　　拱坝属高次超静定的空间壳体结构，自适应能力强，超载安全系数大。只要拱座稳定，坝体的安全裕度就较大。国内外拱坝结构模型破坏试验表明，混凝土拱坝所具有的超载能