英国经济选编.pptVIP

 History The UK was once the largest economy in the world. 19th century-----Peak ↑ The end of World War II-----Been weakened↓ Between 1950 and 1973, Britain’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 3%. Growth was hampered by chronic balance of payment deficits. The term “Britain disease” is now used to characterize Britain’s economic decline. 1950年至1973年间，英国的国民生产总值平均年增长率为3％。经济发展受阻于长期收支平衡的赤字，现在常用“英国病”这个词来概括英国经济衰退的特征。 The end of 1973 witnessed the first oil shock. As a result the rate of inflation rose to 16% in 1974. In the 1970s among the developed countries Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate. 1973年爆发了第一次石油危机，结果通胀率在1974年上升到了16％，70年代在发达国家中，英国增长率最低而通胀率最高。 Problems appeared…… Great losses（亏损） High cost of production High rates of inflation(通货膨胀） d. Low labor productivity(劳动生产率） e. Slow growth in economy……………… At this time, a woman came onto the stage,which brought a turning point in UK’s history The new economic programmed adopted by Mrs. Thatcher was based on the new classical school of thought. Privatization deregulation and market liberalization replaced prices and incomes control and state interventionism. 由撒切尔夫人提出的新经济计划以新的古典思想学派理论为基础，私有化、撤销价格管制和市场自由化取代了物价和收入控制及政府的干涉主义 Mrs. Thatcher’s government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade using both macroeconomic and microeconomic. 在过去十年，撒切尔政府运用宏观经济政策和微观经济政策，采取许多措施提高经济效益。 Just as the 1940s decade is remembered in Britain as the era of nationalization. The 1980s will be remembered as the decade of privatization. During past decade almost 40% of the Britain state enterprises were privatized. 正如20世纪40年代在英国以国有化的十年被记住一样，80年代的十年将以私有化被人们记住，过去十年里几乎有40％的国有企业被私有化。 Manufacturing Britain has a very long history in manufacturing, which has proved a strong basis for the country’s national economic development. Britain’s largest manufacturing industry is the iron and steel industry and Britain remains to be one of the