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在归化与异化的原则下，英汉习语与引语的口译可细化为四种方法。分述如下： （1）直译法 直译法，顾名思义，是指在口译习语和引语时，译员使用目的语某些词组或句子，尽量保留源语的意象、形式、风格不变，以充分体现口译“忠实、及时”的标准要求。 看一个例子： 我愿借用两句唐诗形容中国的现状：“潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。” I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China,“From shore to shore it is wide at high tide,and before fair wind a sail is lifting.”在这句话的口译中，原引语中的意象“潮”、“岸”、“风”、“帆”一一保留，忠实的传递了原说话人的字面意义以及语用意义。再看一些直译的例子： 易如反掌 as easy as turning over one’s hand/palm 君子动口不动手 A gentleman uses his tongue, nor his fists. 千里送鹅毛，礼轻情义重。 The gift itself may be as light as feather, but sent from afar, it conveys deep feelings. 兼听则明，偏听则暗。 Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened; heed only one side and you will be benighted. 安居乐业 to live and work in peace and contentment 常言道：近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 As the saying goes,“What’s near cinnabar goes red, and what’s next to ink turns black.” 人无千日好，花无百日红。 Man cannot be always fortunate just as flowers do not last forever. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水 To be armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 Behind the mountains there are people to be found. 山外有山，天外有天。 Speech is sliver,silence is gold. 雄辩是银，沉默是金。 An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。 Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。 我总记着一句古训：生于忧患，死于安乐。 I always pay a lot of attention to an ancient motto, that is, one prospers in worries and hardship, and perishes in ease and comfort. 中国有句古话：安危相易，祸福相生。 As an old Chinese saying goes, “Danger and safety are often interchangeable, as it is with disaster and happiness.” （2）形象替代法 形象替代法是指在目的语中运用不同的形象来替代源语中的形象。这是两种不同的哲学思想、宗教信仰、经济制度的文化差异性造成的。例如： 这部电影在本届电影节上鹤立鸡群，大放异彩。 Like a peacock among sparrows, this film was really a hit in this film festival. “鹤立鸡群”四个字，在英语中也有相似的语用表述，“孔雀站在麻雀中”，虽然字面形象各有不同，但所指相似，有异曲同工之妙，不妨借用。再看一些运用形象替代法的例子： 入乡随俗 When in Rome, da as the Romans do. 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 One may steal a horse while another may not look over hedge. A hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡如水。 醉翁之意不在酒 Many kiss the baby for the nurse’ sake. 冰冻三尺非一日之寒 Rome was not