机械手技术报告.docVIP

设备电气安装与调试 综合实训 班级 机电1113 学号 1101243112 姓名 刘成亮 指导老师：丁加军 张沈宏 提交日期：2012.12.6 概要 本文介绍了通过PLC控制机械手来模拟工业生产过程中机电设备的工作原理。工业机械手的任务是搬运物品，要求把物品从一个工位搬到另一个工位，机械手的全部动作由气缸驱动，而气缸又由相应的电磁阀控制，这样使我们能更近距离地了解工业生产过程。在实训中掌握机电设备常用机构的测绘与设计、常规电气及气动控制系统原理图的设计及元器件的选用与安装调试的能力，着重培养完成一个典型机械手完整过程的综合职业能力。 在此训练过程中，要求每个学生都要经历，应掌握机械手核心技术能力和方法。要培养自己在团队分工协作、制定任务计划、收集、处理信息、设计技术方案、掌控实施进度以及自我检查评价等方面的综合能力。 目录 前言················································5. 第一章 机械手的介绍···································6 1.1机械手的发展史······························6 1.2机械手的组成及工作原理·······················6 1.3机械手的特点及应用··························7 第二章 PLC的介绍······································8 2.1 PLC的发展简史································8 2.2 PLC的应用特点································8 2.3 PLC的工作原理································9 第三章 机械手硬件系统与工作方式·························10 3.1机械手硬件系统································10 3.2机械手工作方式································11 第四章 机械手软件设计··································11 4.1流程图设计···································11 4.2梯形图设计···································12 4.3外部接线草图··································22 第五章 元器件选择与计算································22 5.1元器件的选择·································22 5.2选型计算·····································23 第六章 机械手的安装与部分故障和其解决方法·················25 6.1机械手的安装··································25 6.2出现的故障及解决方法···························25 第七章 小结···········································26 致谢·················································27 附录·················································28 前言 本实训项目通过机械手总体控制方案设计、绘制机械手硬件原理图、元器件选型计算、选择元器件、完成输入/输出地址分配表、绘制流程图或顺序功能图、完成控制程序、安装调试程序，使程序能够通过PLC控制机械手进行操作。 机械手是模仿着人手的部分动作，按给定程序、轨迹和要求实现自动抓取、搬运或操作的自动机械装置。在工业生产中应用的机械手被称为“工业机械手”。生产中应用机械手可以提高生产的自动化水平和劳动生产率；可以减轻劳动强度、保证产品质量、实现安全生产；尤其在高温、高压、低温、低压、粉尘、易爆、有毒气体和放射性等恶劣的环境中，它代替人进行正常的工作，意义更为重大。 一个技术开发项目往往需要一个项目组来共同完成。一个