Dating the Origin of the CCR5Δ32 AIDSResistance Allele by约会的CCR5 Δ32艾滋病抗性等位基因的起源.pptVIP

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Dating the Origin of the CCR5Δ32 AIDSResistance Allele by约会的CCR5 Δ32艾滋病抗性等位基因的起源.ppt

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Dating the Origin of the CCR5-Δ32 AIDS-Resistance Allele by the Coalescence of Haplotypes J. Claiborne Stephens, David E. Reich, David B. Goldstein, Hyoung Doo Shin, Michael W. Smith, Mary Carrington, Cheryl Winkler, Gavin A. Huttley, Rando Allikmets, Lynn Schriml, Bernard Gerrard, Michael Malasky, Maria D. Ramos, Susanne Morlot, Maria Tzetis, Carole Oddoux, Francesco S. di Giovine, Georgios Nasioulas, David Chandler, Michael Aseev, Matthew Hanson, Luba Kalaydjieva, Damjan Glavac, Paolo Gasparini, E. Kanavakis, Mireille Claustres, Marios Kambouris, Harry Ostrer, Gordon Duff, Vladislav Baranov, Hiljar Sibul, Andres Metspalu, David Goldman, Nick Martin, David Duffy, Jorg Schmidtke, Xavier Estivill, Stephen J. O’Brien, and Michael Dean Cell Communication One way cells communicate is through receptors. A chemokine receptor is a particular type of protein found in the cell membrane, used by the cell to send and receive chemical messages to/from other cells. What HIV Does CCR5-Δ32 The CCR5-Δ32 mutation leads to truncation and loss of the receptor on lymphoid cells. Homozygous individuals have nearly complete resistance to HIV-1 infection despite repeated exposure. Heterozygous individuals have delayed onset of AIDS two to three years longer than do CCR5-+/+ individuals Frequency of the CCR5-Δ32 Allele in Defined Populations 38 ethnic populations including 4,166 individuals were tested for the CCR5-Δ32 allele (table 1). European Distribution of the CCR5-Δ32 Variant A north-to-south cline of allele frequency is affirmed as well as the absence of CCR5-Δ32 among East Asian, Middle Eastern, and American Indian populations. CCR5-Δ32 Loci on Chromosome 3 CCR5 Haplotypes Observed in Modern Caucasians Of the people found to have the CCR5 mutation, 85% are of the haplotype Δ32-197-215. Thus, the authors suggest that this is the ancestral haplotype. The authors suspect that this haplotype was elevated by natural selective pressures. The estimated time to a comm