Descriptive Geometry Brands Delmar Cengage 画法几何品牌德尔玛圣智.pptVIP

Chapter Two Points and Lines Objectives Upon completion of this chapter the student will be able to: Define the following terms: point, line, bearing, foreshortened line, oblique line, inclined line, bearing, azimuth, locus, longitude and latitude. Determine the equivalent distance in statute miles and feet for a given degree of latitude. Determine the equivalent in hours of a given degree of longitude. Use the AutoCAD commands list, id, and properties to determine the location of a point. Describe the difference between a bearing and an azimuth. Determine the bearing and azimuth of a given line. Convert from bearings to azimuths and from azimuths to bearings. Use AutoCAD to determine the bearing and azimuth of a line. Introduction to Points and Lines All objects, whether they are man-made or the result of natural conditions and/or forces, contain points and lines. They are the basic building blocks for all two- and three-dimensional objects. Both points and lines have been widely studied in almost every technical field. Latitude and Longitude This grid network provides worldwide coverage and consists of a system of meridians and parallels known as lines of longitude and latitude. Meridians are lines of longitude that run north-south; The meridian passing through Greenwich, England, is 0° longitude or the prime meridian. Measurements can be made east or west of the prime meridian and range from 0° to 180°. Lines of longitude west of the prime meridian are designated by the letter W, or prefaced with a negative (–) sign. Latitude and Longitude Longitude and latitude are measured in degrees, minutes, seconds (DMS). Each degree is made up of 60 minutes, and each minute contains 60 seconds. Latitude and Longitude Bearings Angles will vary from 0° to 90°. Require a reference plane at the beginning and end. Are measured from either a clockwise or counter clockwise direction. The bearing in the above figure is N60°E Azimuths Angles will vary from 0° - 360°