Design of Terminal Components Massachusetts 马萨诸塞州的终端组件设计.pptVIP

Design of Components of Airport Passenger Buildings Richard de Neufville Professor of Engineering Systems and of Civil and Environmental Engineering Design of Components of Airport Passenger Building Objective: To show how standards for sizing can be integrated into design Topics 1. Procedure 2. Practical Example : Paris/de Gaulle, Air France Passenger Building Procedure 1. Estimate Critical Loads ; Identify “hot spots” 2. Calculate Requirements Storage Areas Lines Hold Spaces Flows Corridors Passageways 3. Integrate into Design Critical Loads (1) The essential problem is: CONCENTRATION OF TRAFFIC in time and space People do not spread out evenly People cluster in attractive places Examples? around check-in desks, gate areas at mouth of baggage claim at nearest of many facilities Critical Loads (2) Concentration phenomenon Creates bottlenecks These define capacity Concentration phenomenon means: Capacity of a large facility cannot be found simply by applying standards to whole area Failure to grasp this fact often causes significant design failures Example Hot SpotDallas/Fort Worth Airtrans Estimation of Loads Three important ideas: 1. Cumulative Arrival Diagram 2. Empirical Measurements needed for each situation, site 3 . Modulation by secondary activities Calculation of Requirements Recall from discussion of capacity: Storage Facilities queues, hold rooms, ... Require tradeoff: Cost vs. LOS This is the issue – How big are queues? Flow Facilities corridors, stairs, … Capacity larger than most designers think Behavior of Queues as ρ = 1 What happens in practiceSteady Flows Theory tells us that queues build up infinitely as ρ=1 Also system becomes increasingly unreliable Thus, managers often operate continuous system at ρ ~ 0.4 Example: Denver Bag system At higher rates, delivery = unreliable and transfer operations = chaotic What happens in practiceTransient flows It often happens that arrivals are – for a time – faster